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Limiting Reactants and Percent Yield
Name: ___________________________________
Pre-Lab
:
1.
Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between sodium bicarbonate and acetic acid.
2.
Calculate the mass of sodium bicarbonate required to react fully with 2.48 grams of acetic acid. Show work.
3.
How many grams of carbon dioxide should
be produced when 2.48 grams of acetic acid are combined with the amount of baking soda your group will use (shown below)?
Materials
:
clean, dry 200-mL plastic beaker
sodium bicarbonate (baking soda)
50-mL or 100-mL graduated cylinder
Group 1:
2.00 g
Group 5:
4.00 g
scoopula
Group 2:
2.50 g
Group 6:
4.50 g
acetic acid (5% vinegar)
Group 3:
3.00 g
weigh boat
Group 4:
3.50 g
Group Data Table:
Construct a table to record all necessary data from your group’s experiment.
Procedure
:
1.
Carefully measure out exactly 50.00 mL of vinegar using your graduated cylinder, which is more precise than
the beaker. This volume of vinegar contains 2.48 grams of acetic acid, HC
2
H
3
O
2
.
Carefully add the acetic acid
to your clean, completely dry beaker and record the combined
mass of the vinegar and beaker.
2.
Using the weigh boat, measure out the precise amount of baking soda for your group (shown in the Materials above). Be sure to record the actual
mass of the sodium bicarbonate measured out. 3.
Bend the weigh boat slightly, and carefully
pour the sodium bicarbonate into the beaker, taking care not to spill any. Make sure that all
of the sodium bicarbonate is placed into the beaker. Record observations. After the initial eruption, gently
swirl the flask to allow the reaction to proceed. Do not spill any of the contents
. Swirl gently for five minutes, until no more bubbles appear on the bottom of the flask.
4.
Once the sodium bicarbonate has completely
reacted with the acetic acid, record the new, combined mass of the beaker and its contents. Calculate of the mass of CO
2
released in your group data table (below).
5.
Dispose of the contents of the flask down the drain. Thoroughly rinse with lots of water, then dry
the flask.
Class Data Table:
Construct a table recording the grams of baking soda used
and grams of CO
2
released
for each group.
Graph of Class Data:
Create a graph of the mass of carbon dioxide released versus the mass of baking soda reacted.
Calculations:
1.
Identify the limiting reactant, if any, in your group’s
reaction. Use calculations and
observations to support your answer. Also identify the excess reactant.
2.
Interpret your graph. Why does the mass of carbon dioxide released versus the mass of baking soda reacted show a linear relationship in the first part of the graph, yet plateau or taper off in the second part?
3.
On your graph, identify the two different regions above. Label the limiting reactant and excess reactant for each.
4.
On your graph, draw a straight line indicating the stoichiometric ratio
of baking soda consumed to CO
2
produced for this experiment. This is the amount of baking soda needed to fully react
with 50.00 mL of vinegar. (Hint: Refer to #2 in your pre-lab.) Is this line consistent with your findings in #2 and #3 above?
5.
Calculate the mass of carbon dioxide actually released in your
experiment. Show work.
6.
Calculate your
percent yield of carbon dioxide gas generated. (Refer to Pre-Lab Question 3.)
7.
Using complete sentences provide three
plausible reasons why your percent yield was not exactly 100%.
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Run 1
0.00
Run 2
0.7
5ML 10ml
30ml
136.427 146.243
30ml
Run 3
Run 4
15ml
0.772 0.926
Run 5
20ml
0.929
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25ml
25ml 20ml
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іни.
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15ml 10ml 5ml
Run 8
30ml 35m1
0.00
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139.87 149.486 149.48 149.75 149.617 150.207 149.884
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