Chromatography Lab Report
pdf
keyboard_arrow_up
School
Marquette University *
*We aren’t endorsed by this school
Course
1001
Subject
Chemistry
Date
Feb 20, 2024
Type
Pages
4
Uploaded by CommodoreFangAlbatross43
CHEM 1001 CHROMATOGRAPHY Laboratory Report NAME
: Liam Cedeno Agosto DATE
: 3/7/23 SECTION
: 403 TA
: Audrey Vice A.
Goals/Purpose of Experiment (
2 Points,
~50 words
)
: The purpose of this experiment was to understand the relationship between the interactions of intermolecular forces and different components of a mixture as well as stationary phases and how those components can be used to separate homogenous mixtures. Learning how to use different chromatography techniques to separate mixtures for qualitative analysis was also part of the experiment. B.
Theory/Introduction (
6 Points, ~100 words
)
: Sometimes, when you were using a black marker and for one reason or another the paper got wet, you could see multiple colors start to travel through the wet part and separate. Something similar can be done to separate the different colors that make up one dye. And the way to separate these colors is chromatography, which is defined as the separation of homogenous mixtures. And hypothetically, because all of these components are different they end up having different levels of intermolecular forces, which also results in different Rf values. For this to work, there is a mobile phase, which would be the dyes, and a stationary phase, which would be the chromatography paper soaked in a liquid substance. C.
Procedure summary (
5 Points, ~100 words
)
: This experiment consists of two parts. Part one, consisted of paper chromatography. We were to take a piece of paper, fold it in half and mark six dots along the bottom of the paper, not too low. Five of those dots would be for five M&Ms colors of our choosing and one yellow food coloring dye. Each of the five candies were placed into a glass plate and
two to three drops of water were placed, the water was swirled for about fifteen seconds, or until the dye turned the water its color. A capillary tube was used to take each sample and a dot of each dye was to be placed on each of the marked dots on the paper. The yellow coloring was taken straight from the capillary to the paper. After, the paper was placed into a 400mL beaker containing about 10 mL of 0.3% Sodium Chloride solution. The paper was then left there for at least twenty minutes, or until the solvent reached the top of the paper. D.
Results and Calculations: (
12 Points
)
: Part I: Paper Chromatography
M
easure the ‘distance traveled’
(in cm) by the solvent from the line drawn at the bottom of the paper. Distance travelled by the solvent = 10.2 cm Add or delete rows as needed in the table below Table Title: Food coloring paper chromatography Sample Color Colors separated (Use one row for each color) Distance Traveled by the dye (in cm)
R
F
Green Yes, 2 8cm 1.28 Blue No 1cm 10.2 Yellow No 5 cm 2.04 Red Yes, 2 1cm 10,2 Orange Yes, 2 2.5cm 4.08 yellow food coloring Yes, 3 7cm 1.46 Part 2: Column Chromatography
Leaf pigments: Give the color intensity a numerical value (0 = clear, 2 = light, 4 = medium, 6 = dark). Identify how many components were observed in the column chromatography experiment.
Table Title: Column chromatography Tube Number Color Intensity Clarity (
Clear or cloudy
) 1 Dark green 8 Clear 2 Medium green 6 Clear 3 Light green 5 Clear 4 Faint green 4 Clear 5 Faint green 3 Clear 6 Clear with a bit of green 2 Clear 7 Clear 1 Clear 8 Very clear 1 Clear 9 Clear 1 Clear 10 Clear 4 Cloudy 11 Clear 1 Clear 12 (most) clear 1 Clear Demonstrated calculations: Show one calculation used for calculating the Rf value
. Solute distance traveled: 5cm solvent distance traveled: 10.2cm 5 cm/10.2cm = 2.04 E.
Discussion (
10 Points
)
: 1.
Discuss the results for Part I of this experiment. What caused some of the samples to separate into two or more spots. (
3 points
) Not many of my samples seperated, for the yellow food coloring, I noticed three components, red, orange and yellow. Which means that these three colors were used in different levels to create this pigemeted yellow dye. These colors seeprated due to the different intermolecular forces when in contact with the paper, which caused them to move across the paper at different speeds.
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
2.
Suppose you found only two differently colored spots separated in a paper or column chromatography. Does it mean that only two components are present (i.e., can there be more than two)? Explain. (
2 points
) Not necessarily, I think the dyes could possibly have more than just two components, but either due to similar intermolecular forces or not having applied enough dye on the my part could
’
ve affected whether or not more that two colors separated. Which I believe is what happened with multiple dyes on my paper. 3.
How is the column chromatography related to paper chromatography? (
3 points
) They both need a stationary phase, they just different ones. 4.
Suppose your mixture has two components (with different chemical structures and polarity) that come out together in a column chromatography, how would you change the experiment to facilitate better separation? (
2 points
) Choosing a different stationary phase that is more sensitive to the differences in intermolecular forces could allow them to separate more. F.
Conclusions (
5 Points, ~100-150 words
)
: This experiment, both the paper chromatography and column chromatography had multiple complications. And although I was able to observe and undertsand the changes as well as collect the appropriate data, it was not as successful as it could
’
ve been. For my paper chromatography my dot samples were way too faint as a result of not using enough dye. Which ultimately made it extremely difficult to determine how many and what colors had seperated for some dyes. And it also might have made my Rf value slightly innacurate in the solute values. For the column chromatography, I believe I ultimately succeeded in the overall purpose of the experiment, but I had to restart from the beginning twice due to the mixture falling out of the tube or air bubbles seperating the mixtures during the draning process. Which delayed my process. But ultimately, I believe I was overall successful in the procedure.
Related Documents
Related Questions
1,3,5 what the correct answer?
arrow_forward
Three students did a chromatography experiment, where Rf = distance of solute / distance of solvent.
What could be the possible errors why student 3 had results that are quite far from that of students A and B?
arrow_forward
PAPER CROMATOGRAPHY
• Define chromatography
• Demonstrate an understanding of the process of
chromatography
• Describe the steps involved in a chromatography
investigation
Explanation
Coloured inks are often made up of several different inks.
Each colour of ink will get carried a different distance by the
water, allowing you to see all of the different inks. Try this with
different colours to see what actually goes into a colour. This
technique is called chromatography and can be used in
chemistry to find out what is in an unknown mixture.
II. Materials
.Felt tip pens (non-washable)
. Kitchen roll
.A bowl or cup
. Water
• Scissors
III. Health and safety
• Make sure that you thoroughly clean any equipment after the
experiment before using for food
IV. Procedure
Method 1
1. Take a sheet of kitchen roll and draw a simple picture with a
non-washable felt tip pen.
2. Place the sheet over an empty bowl. This is to keep the paper
from getting too wet.
3. Carefully add a few drops of water…
arrow_forward
20,18,2,4,15,15,10
Using these data, construct a 80% confidence interval for the average net change in a student's score after completing the course. Assume the population is approximately normal.
Construct the 80% confidence interval. Round your answer to one decimal place.
arrow_forward
1. How does chromatography separate the components of leave samples?
2. Can you use chromatography to purify a mixture? why?
3. What is Rf value and its significance in chromatography?
arrow_forward
The uses of thin layer chromatography are:
1) To identify unknown compounds
2) Determine purity of products
3) Analyze reaction mixtures
4) To waste time in lab
5) Determine the melting point of the product
U 6) Put an astronaut on the moon.
arrow_forward
Explain the following Chromatography (for drug analysis)
Thin-layer chromatography (TLC)
Gas chromatography (GC)
Liquid chromatography (LC) (i.e, high performance liquid chromatography or HPLC)
arrow_forward
How else can chromatography be used?
None of these answers are correct.
To wash (or remove) unwanted solvents from a mixture.
To identify or exclude components in a mixture.
To generate IUPAC names for hydrocarbons.
arrow_forward
Chromatography is based on molecules differing physical properties as a means of separating compound mixtures.
Group of answer choices
True
False
arrow_forward
22
Experiment 2 Chromatography
32. A student properly sets up a column chromatography experiment. Although the mixture
is soluble in the mobile phase, the sample appears "stuck" at the top of the column and will
not elute regardless of how much solvent is applied. What could be the cause of this prob-
lem and what could the student do to try and achieve a successful separation?
NA disolves in #20 Salt No
maybe the compound NASI is to much
an the solvent
being #20
is to little Vodafo
3. A student performs a separation by TLC on a silica get plate that results in three spots. A
red spot is measured 23 mm away from the original sample spot, a blue spot is 42 mm
away, and a yellow spot is 49 mm away. The distance from the original spot to where the
solvent stopped is 55 mm.
a) Calculate the Re value for each component in the mixture. (Show your work and report
the correct number of significant figures.)
highest polarity. Explain your answer.
b) The silica gel plate is polar. Rank the three…
arrow_forward
A student was performing paper chromatography and let the separation continue overnight. Thestudent wished to determine if the mixture contained a substance with an Rf factor of 0.343 where:Rf = (distance travelled by the component)/(distance travelled by the solvent)a) What data would be affected by this error?b) Explain the effect on the calculated Rf.
arrow_forward
A mixture of cyclohexane (b.p 81 °C) and toluene (b.p 110.8 °C) need to be separated and collected without jeopadizing the purity of each component. What is the best method to isolate and collect each component?
A. gas chromatography, because they can be separated and collected easily due to their boiling points differences. B. simple distillation, because their boiling points are differerent from each other by approximately 30 °C C.fractional distillation, because their boiling points are close to one another
D.TLC, because these two compounds can be separated easily using an organic solvent such as hexanes
arrow_forward
PART ONE: Preparation of FECNS* Solution
Prepare the two solutions in table 1 by accurately measuring the required volumes of distilled
water and CNS into two labeled test tubes. The absorbance of the solutions must be measured
soon after adding the Fe" solution from a buret.
TABLE 1
Fe
5 ml
5S mL
Solution
Distilled Water
CNS
2 mL
Total Volume
3 ml
2 ml
10 ml
3 mL
10 ml
In this part of the experiment you are to explore what the above quote means. As a
PRELIMINARY Exercise, formulate a hypothesis as to what would happen under each of the
following circumstances:
1. 1ml of 0.0020 M CNS' solution is added to the unused portion of
solution 1 in the test tube
2. One drop of 0.20 M CNS solution is added to the unused portion of
solution 2 in the test tube.
arrow_forward
Can someone check my question and answers for chromatography lab I m also included data sheet of that lab
arrow_forward
answer 2
arrow_forward
10
7
Ruler is in 6
cm unit
5
A
B
3
Standards
Sample from
reaction mixture
att = 30 mins
Sample from
reaction mixture
att = 60 mins
a. Which type of chromatography based on the polarity of the stationary phase was employed in the
experiment?
b. Identify the limiting and excess reactants.
c. Which product appeared after 30 minutes?
d. Which product was produced only after 60 minutes?
e. Calculate the retention factor of each reactant and product.
arrow_forward
2. A gas chromatogram of a four-(4)-component mixture had the
following areas and retention times (RT).
Component
ABCD
(RT)
(min)
2.564
5.241
1.904
3.217
Area
(mm²)
2341
1278
4302
1987
A. Which compound do you suspect is the most volatile? Why?
B. Calculate the percent composition of component D.
arrow_forward
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
Recommended textbooks for you

Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337399074
Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher:Cengage Learning

Macroscale and Microscale Organic Experiments
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305577190
Author:Kenneth L. Williamson, Katherine M. Masters
Publisher:Brooks Cole

Chemical Principles in the Laboratory
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305264434
Author:Emil Slowinski, Wayne C. Wolsey, Robert Rossi
Publisher:Brooks Cole
Related Questions
- 1,3,5 what the correct answer?arrow_forwardThree students did a chromatography experiment, where Rf = distance of solute / distance of solvent. What could be the possible errors why student 3 had results that are quite far from that of students A and B?arrow_forwardPAPER CROMATOGRAPHY • Define chromatography • Demonstrate an understanding of the process of chromatography • Describe the steps involved in a chromatography investigation Explanation Coloured inks are often made up of several different inks. Each colour of ink will get carried a different distance by the water, allowing you to see all of the different inks. Try this with different colours to see what actually goes into a colour. This technique is called chromatography and can be used in chemistry to find out what is in an unknown mixture. II. Materials .Felt tip pens (non-washable) . Kitchen roll .A bowl or cup . Water • Scissors III. Health and safety • Make sure that you thoroughly clean any equipment after the experiment before using for food IV. Procedure Method 1 1. Take a sheet of kitchen roll and draw a simple picture with a non-washable felt tip pen. 2. Place the sheet over an empty bowl. This is to keep the paper from getting too wet. 3. Carefully add a few drops of water…arrow_forward
- 20,18,2,4,15,15,10 Using these data, construct a 80% confidence interval for the average net change in a student's score after completing the course. Assume the population is approximately normal. Construct the 80% confidence interval. Round your answer to one decimal place.arrow_forward1. How does chromatography separate the components of leave samples? 2. Can you use chromatography to purify a mixture? why? 3. What is Rf value and its significance in chromatography?arrow_forwardThe uses of thin layer chromatography are: 1) To identify unknown compounds 2) Determine purity of products 3) Analyze reaction mixtures 4) To waste time in lab 5) Determine the melting point of the product U 6) Put an astronaut on the moon.arrow_forward
- Explain the following Chromatography (for drug analysis) Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) Gas chromatography (GC) Liquid chromatography (LC) (i.e, high performance liquid chromatography or HPLC)arrow_forwardHow else can chromatography be used? None of these answers are correct. To wash (or remove) unwanted solvents from a mixture. To identify or exclude components in a mixture. To generate IUPAC names for hydrocarbons.arrow_forwardChromatography is based on molecules differing physical properties as a means of separating compound mixtures. Group of answer choices True Falsearrow_forward
- 22 Experiment 2 Chromatography 32. A student properly sets up a column chromatography experiment. Although the mixture is soluble in the mobile phase, the sample appears "stuck" at the top of the column and will not elute regardless of how much solvent is applied. What could be the cause of this prob- lem and what could the student do to try and achieve a successful separation? NA disolves in #20 Salt No maybe the compound NASI is to much an the solvent being #20 is to little Vodafo 3. A student performs a separation by TLC on a silica get plate that results in three spots. A red spot is measured 23 mm away from the original sample spot, a blue spot is 42 mm away, and a yellow spot is 49 mm away. The distance from the original spot to where the solvent stopped is 55 mm. a) Calculate the Re value for each component in the mixture. (Show your work and report the correct number of significant figures.) highest polarity. Explain your answer. b) The silica gel plate is polar. Rank the three…arrow_forwardA student was performing paper chromatography and let the separation continue overnight. Thestudent wished to determine if the mixture contained a substance with an Rf factor of 0.343 where:Rf = (distance travelled by the component)/(distance travelled by the solvent)a) What data would be affected by this error?b) Explain the effect on the calculated Rf.arrow_forwardA mixture of cyclohexane (b.p 81 °C) and toluene (b.p 110.8 °C) need to be separated and collected without jeopadizing the purity of each component. What is the best method to isolate and collect each component? A. gas chromatography, because they can be separated and collected easily due to their boiling points differences. B. simple distillation, because their boiling points are differerent from each other by approximately 30 °C C.fractional distillation, because their boiling points are close to one another D.TLC, because these two compounds can be separated easily using an organic solvent such as hexanesarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningMacroscale and Microscale Organic ExperimentsChemistryISBN:9781305577190Author:Kenneth L. Williamson, Katherine M. MastersPublisher:Brooks ColeChemical Principles in the LaboratoryChemistryISBN:9781305264434Author:Emil Slowinski, Wayne C. Wolsey, Robert RossiPublisher:Brooks Cole

Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337399074
Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher:Cengage Learning

Macroscale and Microscale Organic Experiments
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305577190
Author:Kenneth L. Williamson, Katherine M. Masters
Publisher:Brooks Cole

Chemical Principles in the Laboratory
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305264434
Author:Emil Slowinski, Wayne C. Wolsey, Robert Rossi
Publisher:Brooks Cole