CHEM120 Wk.2 Lab_Completed

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Chaminade University *

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Chemistry

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Feb 20, 2024

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CHEM120 OL, Week 2 Lab Name: Raena Niemasz OL Lab 2: Periodic Table/Ionic and Covalent Bonds Learning Objectives  Describe the structure and organization of the periodic table  Classify elements of a family based on their location in the periodic table  Distinguish metals from other element classes based on typical characteristics  Use the flame color test to identify metals based on their position in the periodic table  Explain valence electrons and oxidation state of a main group element to its position in the periodic table  Describe the main trends among groups and periods for atomic properties  Explain the causes on the atomic level for the main trends among groups and periods concerning atomic radii, ionization energy and electronegativity  Describe the formation of ionic and covalent bonds  Identify anions and cations  Apply the octet rule  Describe ionic lattice structure  Draw Lewis dot structures  Explain the formation of single, double, and triple bonds  Distinguish between ionic compounds and covalent compounds Introduction Have you ever wondered how atoms are held together? In this simulation, you will learn the basics about atomic bonding in ionic and covalent compounds, and how to distinguish those compounds experimentally. With all this knowledge, you will help your friend analyze two mysterious substances he received from an alchemist. By testing their specific physical properties, you’ll be able to identify the nature of the substances. Finally, you will learn how ions form lattice structures and how this influences the property of a compound. Test solubility and conductivity Atoms can interact in many different ways, creating new compounds with unique properties. In the first mission of the Ionic and Covalent Bonds simulation, your task is to choose appropriate laboratory equipment to test the solubility and conductivity of the two substances. You will explore how these properties differ in ionic and covalent compounds. Draw Lewis dot structures In the second part of the Ionic and Covalent Bonds simulation, you will learn about the octet rule and how to apply this to building Lewis dot structures in a virtual drawing activity. You will see that there are many ways that covalent bonds can be formed,

CHEM120 OL, Week 2 Lab Name: depending on the compound and electron configuration. You will also learn how to identify lone pair electron in a covalent bond. Determine melting points In the last mission, your task is to determine the melting point of the two substances by using a melting point apparatus. You will explore how your results are connected to the ability of ions to form a lattice structure. Part 1: Complete Labster lab Periodic Table of Elements: Get the table organized in time! (about 40 mins) Complete all activities and answer all questions within the lab and then complete the questions below: 1. For each of the following elements, give another element in the same family (2 points) a. F / Br b. Mg / Be c. C / Si d. S / O 2. In your own words, describe the term electronegativity Electronegativity is a property of an element that measures its inclination to attract a bonded pair of electrons. 3. In your own words, describe the term ionization energy Ionization energy is the amount of energy that is needed to remove an electron from an ion/atom. Part 2: Complete Labster Lab Ionic and Covalent Bonds (about 40 mins) Complete all activities and answer all questions within the lab and then complete the questions below: 1. Purpose: Describe in complete sentences and in your own words, the purpose of this experiment. The purpose behind this experiment was to show the difference of ionic and covalent bonding, along with how electrons are transferred or shared when compounds are formed. This experiment also showed how to properly form the Lewis Dot Structure, and show the bonds that are formed and whether it’s a single, double, or triple bond. 2. Observations: Record three observations from the simulation.

CHEM120 OL, Week 2 Lab Name: I. Ionic compounds disassociate in water. When they do this, it releases charged ions into the water, allowing us to detect the electric conductivity. II. Atoms of opposite charge are held together by electrostatic forces. III. Covalent bonds are formed between non-metals, and these compounds share electrons. 3. In your own words, explain the term Ionic bond Ionic bonds are formed between metals and non-metals. In this type of bonding, it occurs from the electric attraction between two or more ions that are oppositely charged causing them to attract, electrons are transferred to give the compound and overall neutral charge. 4. In your own words, explain the term Covalent bond A covalent bond is formed between two or more non-metals, in which electrons are shared. 5. For each of the below, predict the expected ion each could become by giving the charges (2 points) a. O2- b. Li1+ c. Mg2+ d. N3- 6. For each of the molecules below, determine what molecular shape you would expect a. HCN / Linear b. PCl 3 / Trigonal Pyramidal 7. Reflection: Consider what you learned from this simulation. Reflect on three to four key concepts that you learned in this lab exercise. How could the lessons learned in this virtual lab relate to a real world situation in the community/world or your future career? Be specific in your answer (this should require 5-10 sentences). In this simulation I learned more about the electrons that elements possess, and how they effect the bonding of elements. I also learned how to correctly form a Lewis Dot configuration and what type of geometry the structure takes on, i.e., linear, bent, trigonal planer, etc. I learned that ionic and covalent compounds can be distinguished by physical characteristics such as their melting points and conductivity. These specific characteristics of elements or chemistry as a whole, will help me in my career as a nurse by understanding how medicines are made, since they are compounds – a mixture or bonding of different substances. It will also help me in understanding how they react with other medications.

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CHEM120 OL, Week 2 Lab Name: Grading Rubric: Activity Deliverable Points Part I Complete Periodic Table simulation 10 Part II Complete Ionic and Covalent Bonding simulation 10 Part III Complete lab report and answer questions  Purpose (1 point)  Observation (7 points)  Questions (5 points)  Reflection (2 points) 15 Total Complete all lab activities 35