CHEM120 Wk.4 Lab

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Feb 20, 2024

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CHEM120 OL, Week 4 Lab OL Lab 7: Ideal Gas Law Learning Objectives Explain the physical concepts of temperature and absolute zero Define the relationship between pressure, volume and temperature in gases using gas thermometry Apply the Ideal Gas Law Give examples of acids and bases from everyday life Define pH and identify acids and bases using the pH scale Apply the Bronsted-Lowry definition of acids and bases to chemical compounds Describe the amphoteric and self-ionization capacity of water Calculate the pH of a strong acid and base in solution Assess whether a neutralization reaction will occur Evaluate the outcome of simple acid-base reactions Introduction Do you know that you can save a life using the ideal gas law? In the Ideal Gas Law simulation, you will define the physical concept of temperature and absolute zero. You’ll learn about the relationship between pressure, volume and temperature in gases using gas thermometry. Explore your workbench Your first mission in the Ideal Gas Law simulation will be to have a look at the equipment at your disposal and acknowledge what you would need for your experiment. Learn the roles of each piece of equipment and how they will play a part in your gas thermometry. Experiment with gas thermometry Handling extreme temperatures is not a hazard as long as you’re a part of this simulation! Observe the changes in the pressure of an ideal gas as you cool it down from the temperature of boiling water to the temperature of boiling nitrogen. You are lucky you’re in a virtual lab as this means you can speed up time for the pressure to reach equilibrium! You will have complete freedom to repeat the experiment with any amount of gas and to define the absolute zero temperature. Are you ready to apply the Ideal Gas Law and everything you learned in gas thermometry in order to assist the transfer of an organ for a transplant surgery? Report back to the paramedics Once you have completed your experiment and have collected all of your data, your final mission would be to share the results with the paramedics so that they can keep the organ safe and sound in the correct pressure and temperature conditions to make it all the way to the hospital.
CHEM120 OL, Week 4 Lab Acidic life How do acidic or alkaline foods affect the pH of our blood, and what does this even mean? Together with your lab assistant, Marie, you will explore different concepts of acids and bases, and investigate how alkaline foods can also contain acids. You will measure the pH of solutions, and dive into these to experience what happens at the molecular level. Salty mixtures In order to determine what reactions occur when you mix acids and bases of different strengths, you will have the freedom to mix these solutions and interpret the resulting salt products. And don’t worry if you make mistakes – in this virtual lab, you can just reset and start over! On-the- go quizzes will make sure you are up to speed, and you can always dive into the theory pages for more in-depth explanations. Corrosive everyday chemicals Acids and bases can be corrosive and very dangerous to handle. But they also play a fundamental role in all living things, in nature, and in the chemical industry. Will you be able to measure the acidity of various substances around you? Part 1: Complete Labster lab: Ideal Gas Law: Apply to Save a Life 1. Purpose: Describe in complete sentences and in your own words, the purpose of this experiment. The purpose of this experiment was to learn how to identify pressure and temperature properly, and the correlations between the two. More pressure and higher temperatures, leads to higher kinetic energy of the molecules, making them move faster and faster and colliding. This lab simulation also showed how to properly stay safe and use lab equipment, as well as create your own experiment for temperature. 2. Observations: Record three observations from the simulation. I. A mercury thermometer is not the only way to determine pressure II. We could never create absolute 0 in a lab. III. Increased temperature and increased pressure leads to the molecules having more kinetic energy. 3. If the pressure of a fixed volume of gas decreased in a sealed container, what variable would you think changed? Did this variable increase or decrease? If the pressure of a fixed volume of gas has decreased, and no gas has escaped meaning the volume is the same, then that would mean the temperature has decreased as well. 4. Why is it important to convert into units of Kelvin before using the Ideal gas law?
CHEM120 OL, Week 4 Lab It is extremely important to convert Celsius to Kelvins before using the ideal gas law because Celsius is just a relative scale, not absolute. A good example is that 0C does not literally mean there is no heat at all. Kelvins is also the relative scale for molecular volume and energy. 5. Using what you learned in this simulation, explain why compressed gas cylinders, such as those found in the hospital, typically contain a warning to not leave in sunlight or expose to heat. Compressed gas cylinders that we see at home, in the hospital, in the stores, etc. are labeled as such because heat can cause pressure to rise, leading to possible explosion since the pressure inside the canister can become higher than the pressure outside the canister. Likewise, when we drink a can of soda, we can crush it since the pressure inside is gone/lower than the pressure outside/ the pressure we are administering to the can. Part 2: Complete the Labster lab: Acids and Bases 1. In your own words, describe how to determine which substance acts an acid and which substance acts as a base in the forward direction of the following reaction: H 2 S + H 2 O ⇌ H 3 O + + HS - The easiest way to do this is, is follow the Hydrogen atoms from product to reactants. We can see on the left (product) side, there is a total of 4 Hydrogen, H2S and H2O. On the left we can see that H3O+ gained 1 hydrogen, and HS- lost one hydrogen, meaning that H2S is the acid and H2O is the base. Also note that acids and bases will always be the reactants, never the products. 2. Predict the two products of the following neutralization reaction and label each product using acid/base terminology: HCl + RbOH → RbCl + H2O Acid + Base = Salt + Water 3. In your own words, describe the relationship between proton (H + ) concentration, and pH. H+ concentration is directly related to pH because the more H+ atoms present, the lower the pH, and vise versa; the less H+ atoms the higher the pH. 4. Reflection: Consider what you learned from this simulation. Reflect on three to four key concepts that you learned in this lab exercise. How could the lessons learned in this virtual lab related to a real world situation in the community/world or your future career? Be specific in your answer (this should require 5-10 sentences). The part I found most intriguing was identifying acids and bases, and how to understand chemical equations. It was also interesting to connect more dots for the pH scale. I had learned previously about the pH scale in my Anatomy & Physiology class, but now I was able to learn more about the chemistry behind it
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CHEM120 OL, Week 4 Lab and how to solve for it mathematically. Knowing the pH scale and buffers are useful as a nurse because there are many metabolic or electrolyte problems that can lead to acid imbalances, therefore allowing me to understand the proper course of treatment. Another good example is that a low blood pH could be signs of diabetic ketoacidosis or even renal failure – so it is essential that I am able to read lab results and identify any harm immediately and notify the doctor. Grading Rubric:   Activity   Deliverable   Points   Part I Complete Ideal Gas Law simulation 10 Part II   Complete the Acids and Bases simulation 10 Part III Complete lab report and answer questions  Purpose (1 point)  Observation (3 points)   Questions (6 points)  Reflection (5 points)  15 Total   Complete all lab activities   35

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