CHEM120 Wk.3 Lab

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Feb 20, 2024

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OL Lab 3: Stoichiometry: Avogadro’s number and molecular calculations / Solution Preparation: From salt to solution Learning Objectives:  Explain the relationship between mass, molecular weight, and numbers of atoms or molecules and perform calculations deriving these quantities from one another  Perform mass-to-mass stoichiometric calculations via conversions to moles  Identify the limiting and excess reagents in a chemical reaction  Calculate the theoretical, actual and percent reaction yield  Define Avogadro’s number and describe the mole quantification of matter  Explain relationship between mass, molecular weight, and numbers of atoms or molecules  Perform conversion and derivations calculations using key molecular quantity parameters  Define Avogadro’s number and describe the mole quantification of matter Concept mole and Avogadro’s Law: Your first mission in this short simulation is to familiarize yourself with the concept of mole and the way of counting molecules of substances using the one and only Avogadro’s Law. You will learn how to convert huge numbers of particles into handy Avogadro’s number, extensively used by all chemists around the world! Chemical units relationship: Next, you will explore the relationship between mass, molecular weight, and number of atoms. This magical equation will enable you to perform derivations of molecular quantity parameters for various chemical substances. You will feel like Marie Curie analysing chemical dependencies of chemicals in her French laboratory! Part 1: Complete the Labster lab: Stoichiometric calculations: Identify an unknown compound using gravimetric analysis. Glassware and quantitative transfer Moving on to the second workbench, you will explore and determine what glassware will be appropriate for you to use. Your lab guide and mentor, Dr. One, will walk you through the process of preparing the solution. You will have the freedom to use the equipment as you like, but only by following Dr. One’s instructions will you be successful in making the right solution. To make sure you can always redo the essential steps of the process, Dr. One will provide you with a fantastic reset button, so you can try again if you make a mistake. Part 1: Complete the Labster Lab: Stoichiometry: Avogadro’s number and molecular calculations Complete all activities and answer all questions within the lab and then complete the questions below:

Purpose: Describe in complete sentences and in your own words, the purpose of this experiment. The purpose of this experiment was to understand exactly what Avogadro’s number is, and how its comparable to how we use a dozen/12 interchangeably. The other objective of this simulation was to gain practice and understanding of molecular calculations and finding g/mol or molar mass properly. Observations: Record three observations from the simulation. I. The sahara desert, a class of water, and an iron bolt contain around the same amount of atoms. II. To find the number of moles of a substance we can divide the mass over the molar mass. III. A mole is found based on the atomic mass from the periodic table. 1. How do you convert between grams and moles of a specific molecule? Give a specific example to illustrate. You can use molecular mass to convert from grams to moles or moles to grams. For example, we have 6 moles of NaOH and want to know the grams. We add the molar mass of Na, O and H which is 40g. We do 6mol NaOH/40g NaOH= 0.15g NaOH . We can also convert from grams to moles. Say we have 8g of H20 and want to find how many moles that equals. The molecular mass of H20 is 18.015g. Now we can solve, 8g H20/ 18.015g H20= 0.44 moles H20 . 2. How do you convert between moles of one substance and moles another substance? You can convert between moles of different substances by a balanced chemical equation. 3. Balance the following chemical equation: Na 2 CO 3 (aq) + CaCl 2 (aq) → CaCO 3 (s) + 2 NaCl(aq) 4. Use the balanced chemical equation from the last question to solve this situation: You combine 0.5 moles of Na 2 CO 3 with enough CaCl 2 that your compound reacts completely. How many moles of NaCl would you expect this reaction to produce? Show all work below. If you are not sure how to complete this problem, please see the video here: https://care.mediaspace.kaltura.com/playlist/dedicated/254042593/1_aw4f9v30/1_4xqaj 516 1 mole of Na2CO3 reacted with 2 moles of NaCl 2 moles NaCl x 1 mole Na2CO3 2 x 0.5 This reaction would produce 1 mole of NaCl. Part 2: Complete the Labster Lab: Solution Preparation: From salt to solution

Complete all activities and answer all questions within the lab and then complete the questions below: 1. In this lab, you learned how to prepare solutions with a precise concentration. Where in your nursing career might this skill be needed? This would prove to be useful when, as a nurse, I am required to mix and prepare solutions to administer to my patients. Such as diluting medications or adding something to IV fluids. 2. Which piece of glassware did you use to prepare your solution in this lab and why? A volumetric glass was used to mix the solution since it provides the best possible accuracy for volume. 3. Calculate how many grams of NaCl are required to make 100 mL of a 1 M NaCl solution. Show your work in the space below. Moles of NaCl – 1M x 0.1L = 0.1 moles Molar mass NaCl – 22.99g/mol + 35.45g/mol = 58.44g/mol Grams NaCl – 0.1mol x 58.44g/mol = 5.844g NaCl Reflection: Consider what you learned from these simulations. Reflect on three to four key concepts that you learned in this lab exercise. How could the lessons learned in this virtual lab relate to a real-world situation in the community/world or your future career? Be specific in your answer (this should require 5-10 sentences). In this simulation I learned about how moles are found, what they stand for, what Avogadro’s law is, and stoichiometry as a whole. I was able to learn how to find moles, grams, how to find molar mass for compounds and add that into the equation as well. This is important in nursing as I will be preparing solution medications for patients daily and it is imperative that all measurements are exact as it could decide life or death. Knowing how to find the solution and how many mL to mix for the concentration needed is something I know will be important in my life as a nurse. This sim lab really helped me understand the importance of knowing grams, number of atoms, and converting moles. Grading Rubric:

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Activity Deliverable Points Part I Complete Simulation Stoichiometry: Avogadro’s number and molecular calculations 10 Part II Complete Simulation Solution Preparation: From salt to solution 10 Part III Complete lab report and answer questions  Observation (3 points)  Purpose (1 point)  Questions (7 points)  Reflection (4 points) 15 Total Complete all lab activities 35

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