CH 110 2
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INORGANIC
Subject
Chemistry
Date
Nov 24, 2024
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6
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1
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6
QUESTION ONE: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
1.
Draw the structural formulas for the following compounds:
[3]
a)
3,3,6,6-tetramethyl-4-octyne
b)
2-bromo-1-tert-butylcylopropane
c)
3-ethyl-2, 3-dimethyl-2-pentanol
2.
Draw any two possible structures for the following molecular formula and name them
?
5
𝐻
12
?
[2]
3.
Answer the following question on aromatic compounds
[3]
a)
Identify the import characteristics of an aromatic compound
b)
What is the major property given the reagent below?
4.
Draw the structure of the compound with three carbon atoms that belongs to each of the
following families of organic compounds:
[4]
a)
Aldehydes
b)
Ketones
c)
Carboxylic acids
d)
Ether
5.
Give the structure of the product(s) resulting from the oxidation of each of the following
alcohols/aldehydes and name them:
[3]
a)
3-methyl-2-butanol
b)
2-methyl-2-butanol
c)
2-methylcyclopentanol
6.
Draw the structure of the major products for each of the following reactions:
[3]
a)
?𝐻
3
?𝐻
2
?𝐻 = ?𝐻
2
+ 𝐻
2
?
??
→
b)
?𝐻
3
?𝐻
2
?𝐻 = ?𝐻
2
+ ??
→
c)
?𝐻
3
?𝐻
2
?𝐻 = ?𝐻
+ 2𝐻??
→
7.
What carboxylic acid and alcohol are required to produce the following ester?
[1]
8.
Complete the following esterification reaction:
[1]
[20 TOTAL MARKS]
Page
2
of
6
QUESTION TWO: THERMOCHEMISTRY
1.
State Hess’s law
?
[2]
2.
Consider the following reaction
[3]
2??
(?)
+ ?
2(𝑔)
→ 2???
(?)
∆𝐻 = −1204 ??
i.
Calculate the amount of heat transferred
when 2.4g of
??
(?)
reacts at constant
pressure.
ii.
How many grams of
???
(?)
are produced during an enthalpy change of
∆𝐻 =
96 ??
?
iii.
How many Kilo joules of heat are absorbed when 7.50 g of
???
(?)
are decomposed
into
??
(?)
𝑎?? ?
2(𝑔)
at constant pressure.
3.
From the following enthalpies of reaction;
[6]
𝐻
2
(𝑔)
+ 𝐹
2
(𝑔)
→ 2𝐻𝐹
(𝑔)
∆𝐻
= −537 ??
?
(?)
+ 𝐹
2
(𝑔)
→ ?𝐹
2
(𝑔)
∆𝐻
= −680 ??
2?
(?)
+ 2𝐻
(𝑔)
→ ?
2
𝐻
4(𝑔)
∆𝐻
= −52.3 ??
Calculate the
∆𝐻
for the reaction of
?
2
𝐻
4(𝑔)
4.
Identify each process as endothermic or exothermic and indicate the sign of
∆𝐻
.
[3]
i.
Sweat evaporating from skin
ii.
Water freezing in a freezer
iii.
Wood burning in fire
5.
Write thermodynamic equations corresponding to the following description
[3]
i.
The standard enthalpy of formation of iron (III) oxide at 298 k is -824.2 KJ/mole
ii.
The standard enthalpy change at 298K for the reaction between gaseous
phosphorous trichloride and chlorine gas to give gaseous phosphorus pentachloride
is -84.3 KJ
iii.
The standard enthalpy OF COMBUSTIONOF LIQUID ethanol is -1368 KJ/mole
6.
When 6.5 g sample of solid NaOH dissolves in100.00g of water in a coffee-cup calorimeter,
the temperature rises from 21.6
℃
to 37.8
℃
. Calculate the
∆𝐻
(in KJ/mole) for the solution
process. (Assume the specific heat of the solution formed is 4.18 J/g-K)
?𝑎?𝐻
(?)
→ ?𝑎
(𝑎?)
+
+ ?𝐻
(𝑎?)
−
[3]
[20 TOTAL MARKS]
QUESTION THREE: INTRODUCTION AND ATOMIC STRUCTURE
1.
Bellow:
[9]
i.
State the Five Steps involved in Scientific method.
ii.
Distinguish between extensive and intensive properties of matter
Page
3
of
6
iii.
Perform Mathematical operations and express each result to the correct number of
significant Figures
a)
0.1054 + 2.07 − 2.114
b)
8.27(4.987 − 4.962)
c)
As part of a lab assignment to determine the value of the gas constant (R), a
student measured the pressure (P), volume (V), and temperature (T) for a
sample gas, where
𝑅 =
?𝑉
𝑇
.
The following values were obtained: P=2.560, T=275.15 and V=8.8, Calculate
R to the current number of significant figures.
2.
Complete the table
[5]
S No.
n
I
Subshell name
Possible m value
Number of orbitals
(a)
3
2
(b)
2s
1
(c)
5
1
(d)
4
4f
3.
one application of the wave- particle duality of matter is electron diffraction, which is used
to determine the distances between atoms in crystalline Solids. Experimentally, this is done
by accelerating beam of electrons to the point where the wavelength of the electron beam is
of the same order of magnitude as the distance between atoms (roughly 0.1- o. 5 nm). How
fast would an electron need to be travelling in order to have 0.10m? wavelength of 0.1 nm
[4]
4.
(i) What is the energy of a photon of light, with Wavelength of 515mm?
(ii) use the Rydberg equation to explain the election transition (or give n
1
and n₂) that leads
to the of the spectral line mentioned in (i) assuming the emission is of a hydrogen atom.
[2]
[20 TOTAL MARKS]
QUESTION 4: CHEMICAL BONDING
1.
Indicate the number of valence electrons in the following
[4]
(I)
Oxygen
(II)
Group I elements
(III)
Halogens
(IV)
An element with an electron configuration
1?
2
2?
2
2?
6
3?
2
3?
1
2.
The equations for the heats of formation of Copper(I)Oxide, Cu
2
O and Copper(II)Oxide, CuO
are:
2??
2(?)
+
1
2
?
2 (𝑔)
→ ??
2
?
(?)
; ∆𝐻°? = −166.7 ??/????
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Page
4
of
6
??
(?)
+
1
2
?
2 (𝑔)
→ ??
?
(?)
; ∆𝐻°𝑖 = −155.2 ??/????
The first and second ionization energies of copper are 750 and 2000kj/mol respectively; its
atomization energy is 339.3kj/mol. The atomization energy of Oxygen is 249.2kj/mol. The
first and second electron affinity for Oxygen are -141kj/mol and 790.8kj/mol respectively.
Draw the Born-Haber cycle and calcultate the lattice energies (
∆𝐻
𝑙𝑎??
) of the two oxides.
[6]
3.
Explain the in the boiling points for each of the following
[2]
i.
𝐻𝐹 (20℃)
ii.
??? (−85℃)
iii.
?𝑖?? (1360℃)
4.
Draw the possible resonance structures for the isocyanate ion (
???
−
) and using formal
charges determines which structure has greater contribution to the resonance hybrid.
[4]
5.
Complete the following table by indicating whether the given molecules are polar or non-
polar, further, indicate what intermolecular forces exist in each given substance.
[4]
substance
Polarity
Intermolecular force
Silicon tetrachloride
Sulphur dioxide
Carbon dioxide
Ammonia
[20 TOTAL MARKS]
QUESTION FIVE: STOICHIOMESTRY & REACTIONS IN SOLUTION
1.
Organic Compound Y contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. 0.132g of Y is burned
completely in oxygen to produce 0.072g of water, 0.176g of Carbon dioxide and 0.028g of
nitrogen. The molar mass of Y is 132g.mole
-1
. Deduce the molecular formula for Y. Show how
You arrived at your answer.
[5]
2.
Then Potassium Chromate
(?
2
???
4
)
is added to a solution containing 0.500g Silver nitrate
????
3
, Solid Silver Chromate
?????
4
is formed. Write a balanced chemical equation and
find the percent yield if 0.455g of silver chromate is obtained.
[5]
3.
Given the following reaction;
[5]
Page
5
of
6
???
4
−
+ ?
2
?
3
2−
→ ??
2
+ ???
2
i.
identify the oxidizing and reaction reducing agents
ii.
Write the two half reaction equations specifying Which one is the Oxidation half
reaction and which one is the reduction half reaction
iii.
Balance reach of the two half reaction equations
iv.
Considering that the reaction is taking place in a basic Medium, Write the overall
balanced equation for this redox reaction.
[20 TOTAL MARKS]
QUESTION SIX: GASSES
1.
state each of the following gas
[5]
i.
Avogadro's law
ii.
charle's law
iii.
Boyle's low
iv.
Graham's law on diffusion of gasses.
v.
Dalton's partial pressure of a gas.
2.
Three gasses were to were added to the Some container of Volume 20 litres to give a total
pressure of 150 Kpa at 25°c. If the mature contained 8.0g of O
2
, 8.0g CO
2
and an unknown
mass of N
2
.
[9]
i.
Define the term Partial pressure
ii.
Calculate the partial pressure of each gas
iii.
Calculate the more fraction of each gas.
iv.
Determine the mass of N
2
in the container
3.
GIVE any three pros postulates of the kinetic theory of gases.
[3]
4.
What is in volume, in litres of N
2
required to react with 18.6g of Magnesium at a
temperature of 303K and pressure of 1.20 atm?
[3]
[20 TOTAL MARKS]
QUESTION SEVEN: CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM
1.
Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant,
?
𝑐
at 127°C for the reaction given below.
1
2
?
2 (𝑔)
+
3
2
𝐻
2 (𝑔)
⇄ ?𝐻
3(𝑔)
Were;
[?𝐻
3
] = 3.1 × 10
−2
???/?
[𝐻
2
] = 3.1 × 10
−3
???/?
[
?
2
] = 8.5 × 10
−1
???/?
[2]
Page
6
of
6
2.
For the reaction for the formation of nitrogen: chloride
2??
(𝑔)
+ ??
2 (𝑔)
⇄ 2????
(𝑔)
[4]
𝑇ℎ? ?????????? ????
:
?
??𝐶𝑙
= 1.2 𝑎??
?
??
= 5.0 × 10
−2
𝑎??
?
𝐶𝑙
2
= 3.0 × 10
−1
𝑎??
i.
Calculate
?
?
𝑎? 25℃
ii.
Using
?
?
calculate
at (i), obtain the value of
?
𝑐
𝑎? 25℃
for the
2??
(𝑔)
+ ??
2 (𝑔)
⇄ 2????
(𝑔)
3.
Answer the questions below;
[5]
i.
Write the reaction quotient for the reaction
?
2 (𝑔)
+ 3𝐻
2 (𝑔)
⇄ 2?𝐻
3 (𝑔)
ii.
For the synthesis of ammonia at
500°?, ?
𝐿
= 6 × 10
−2
Predict the direction
in which the system will shift to reach equilibrium in the following cases
a)
[?𝐻
3
]
0
= 1.0 × 10
−3
?
;
[?
2
]
0
= 1 × 10
−6
?
;
[𝐻
2
]
0
= 2.0 × 10
−3
?
b)
[?𝐻
3
]
0
= 2.0 × 10
−4
?; [?
2
]
0
= 1.5 × 10
−5
?
;
[𝐻
2
]
0
= 3.54 × 10
−1
?
c)
[?𝐻
3
]
0
= 1.0 × 10
−4
?
;
[?
2
]
0
= 5 ?
;
[𝐻
2
]
0
= 1.0 × 10
−2
?
4.
The reaction for the formation of gaseous hydrogen fluoride from hydrogen and flouride has
?
𝑐
= 1.1 ?10
2
at a certain temperature. In one experiment 3 moles of each components
was added to the 1.5 litre flask. Calculate the equilibrium concentration of all species.
[5]
5.
Answer the questions below
[4]
i.
state Le chaterlier's principle
ii.
Arsenic can be extracted from the ores first reacting the ore with oxygen (called
roasting) to form
??
4
?
6
which is then reduced by Carbon
??
4
?
6 (?)
+ 6?
(?)
⇌ ??
4 (𝑔)
+ 6??
(𝑔)
In which direction will the equilibrium position shift in response the following
conditions,
(1) Addition of carbon monoxide
(2) Addition removal of carbon or tetra arsenic hexoxide
??
4
?
6 (?)
(3) Removal of gaseous arsenic
(
??
4 (𝑔)
)
[20 TOTAL MARKS]
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Related Questions
3. Draw condensed structural formulas for the following organic compounds.
a) methylpropane
h) 1,3,5-tribromo-2-ethylnaphthalene
b) 4-propyloctane
i) 2-amino-1,4-dichloro-5-propylcyclohexane
c) 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexamethylcyclohexane
j) 2,3,5-trimethyl-1-3-7-nonatriene
d) 2-methylnaphthalene
k) 3,4-diethyl-5-cyclobutyl-2-octene
e) 2-hexyne
I) 2,3-diphenylbutane
f) 3,5-dichloro-3-methyl-1-hexyne
m) 1-chloro-3-ethyl-5-methylbenzene
9) 1-methyl-4-nitrobenzene
n) 5-amino- 2,3,6-tribromononane
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a) Draw the structures of the following organic compounds.
i) cis-pent-2-ene
ii) o-difluorobenzene
iii) 3-phenylhexanoic acid
b) Determine the IUPAC name of the following organic compounds.
H
H₂C-
CH-
pat.
CH
-CH₂
CI CI
CHỊU CÁCHỊ CHỊCH,
-CH₂
CH₂ CH₂
H-N
CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ CH₂
c) Determine and draw the structure of the organic product for each reaction below.
Br
A)
+ NH3
B)
B) C=C-CH3 + HCI
H H
arrow_forward
16. Given the organic functional group:
II
-C-H
Which class of organic compounds has molecules with this functional group?
(1) aldehydes
(2) esters
(3) ketones
(4) organic acids
arrow_forward
1a) All of the following would be considered isomers of each other except for which compound? Why?
a) 2,2-dimethylpropane
b) 2-methylbutane
c) 3-methylbutane
d) pentane
e)2,3-dimethylbutane
1b)Which of the following pairs are considered isomers?Why?
a) 1-propene and 1-propyne
b)ethyl propanoate and hexanoic acid
c)ethyl methyl ether and 1-butanol
d) hexanoic acid and 2 pentanol
e) ethyl hexyl and 2-octanol
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QUESTION 6
Draw the structural formula for each of the following compounds:
a) 3-ethyl-2,4,5-trimethyloctane
b) 4-tert-butyl-2-chloro-3,5-dimethylnonane
arrow_forward
12. Draw the condensed structural formula of the following organic molecules
(a)
2-ethylpropane
(b)
2-ethyl-2,4,4-trimethylpentane
(c)2,2,2-trimethylethane
(d)2-methylbutane
(e)2,3,3-triethylpentane
(f)2,2-dimethyl-3-propyloctane
(g) pent-2-ene
(h)3,3-dimethylprop-2-ene
(i)4-ethyl-2,5-dimethyloct-3-ene
(i)4-ethyl-4,5-dimethylhex-1-ene
(k)but-2-yne
(1)4-ethyl-4-methylhept-3-yne
(m)2,5,7-trimethylnon-3-yne
(n)1,2-dimethylcyclohexane
(0)3-methyl-3-propylcyclohexane
(p)2-cyclobutylpentane
(g) 1-ethyl-3-propylbenzene
(r)2-phenyl-5-propyloctane
arrow_forward
Br Br
H-C-C-C-H
H
H H
The IUPAC name for the above structural diagram is:
Select one:
O 2,3-bromo-1-chloropropane
O 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane
O 1-chloro-2,3-dibromopropane
O dibromochloropropane
The organic compound shown in Question 1 is classified as a(n)
Select one:
O alcohol
O ester
O carboxylic acid
O halogenated hydrocarbon
The organic compound shown in Question 1 contains which functional group?
Select one:
O halogen
O hydroxyl
Oester linkage
O carboxyl
Use the following to answer the next 3 questions.
•CH₂
OH
CH
CH₂
The IUPAC name for the condensed structural diagram shown above is
O a. 3-butanol
O b. 2-butanol
O c. butan-3-ol
O d. butan-2-ol
arrow_forward
Question 39
arrow_forward
1) Which one has isomers?
methanoic acid, methane, ethene, or alcohols
2) Which of these terms describe an organic molecule with the most possible hydrogen bonds on its main chain?
triple-bonded, terminal, cyclical, or saturated
3) An organic molecule consists of a chain of 8 carbons, with a double bond in the middle and an -OH group on one end. A correct name for this molecule would be
Oct-4-anol, Octanol, Oct-4-enol, or Oct-4-en-1-ol
4) Which of these are not considered a functional group
-OH, -CH3, -Cl or -H
5) A reaction is called an acid-catalyzed reaction. What is the name of the strong acid?
oxyic acid, sulfuric acid, carbonic acid, or Ammonia acid
In bold were my answers to the questions wanted to know if I have them correct. Thx :)
arrow_forward
1. The chemical formula C4H100 results in four alcohols and three ethers for a total of
seven structural
isomers.
Draw pairs of structural formulas for these molecules that illustrate positional and
functional isomerism on a sheet of paper. You will be drawing a total of four formulas.
Label each pair as positional or functional.
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answer this following chemistry question
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8) Which of the following is a structural isomer of
2-methylbutane?
A) n-propane
B) 2-methylpropane
C) n-butane
D) n-pentane
arrow_forward
H3C-CH₂
H3C
The molecule shown here is classified as what type of organic compound?
C
CH3
CH₂ CH3
Question 22 of 36
▬
A) alkane
B) alkene
C) alkyne
D) aromatic compound
E) aldehyde
Submit
+
arrow_forward
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Draw a correct structure for 2-butene
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Write the condensed structural formula for each of the following molecules:
1) 1,3-dichloro-3-methylheptane
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Which of the following statements is true concerning the alkane 3-ethyl-2-methylheptane?
A) This is a branched alkane.
B) The parent chain has 7 carbons.
C) The ethyl group is on the third carbon of the parent chain.
D) The methyl group is on the second carbon of the parent chain.
E) All of these are true.
arrow_forward
3) A compound that contains the ring structure of benzene is called a(n)
A) alkane
B) cycloalkane
C) alkyl group
D) aromatic compound
E) hydrocarbon
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7. Draw structural and skeletal diagrams for the following:
a) 3-methyl-1-butene
b) 2,3,4-trimethylpent-2-ene
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Related Questions
- 3. Draw condensed structural formulas for the following organic compounds. a) methylpropane h) 1,3,5-tribromo-2-ethylnaphthalene b) 4-propyloctane i) 2-amino-1,4-dichloro-5-propylcyclohexane c) 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexamethylcyclohexane j) 2,3,5-trimethyl-1-3-7-nonatriene d) 2-methylnaphthalene k) 3,4-diethyl-5-cyclobutyl-2-octene e) 2-hexyne I) 2,3-diphenylbutane f) 3,5-dichloro-3-methyl-1-hexyne m) 1-chloro-3-ethyl-5-methylbenzene 9) 1-methyl-4-nitrobenzene n) 5-amino- 2,3,6-tribromononanearrow_forwarda) Draw the structures of the following organic compounds. i) cis-pent-2-ene ii) o-difluorobenzene iii) 3-phenylhexanoic acid b) Determine the IUPAC name of the following organic compounds. H H₂C- CH- pat. CH -CH₂ CI CI CHỊU CÁCHỊ CHỊCH, -CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ H-N CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ c) Determine and draw the structure of the organic product for each reaction below. Br A) + NH3 B) B) C=C-CH3 + HCI H Harrow_forward16. Given the organic functional group: II -C-H Which class of organic compounds has molecules with this functional group? (1) aldehydes (2) esters (3) ketones (4) organic acidsarrow_forward
- 1a) All of the following would be considered isomers of each other except for which compound? Why? a) 2,2-dimethylpropane b) 2-methylbutane c) 3-methylbutane d) pentane e)2,3-dimethylbutane 1b)Which of the following pairs are considered isomers?Why? a) 1-propene and 1-propyne b)ethyl propanoate and hexanoic acid c)ethyl methyl ether and 1-butanol d) hexanoic acid and 2 pentanol e) ethyl hexyl and 2-octanolarrow_forwardQUESTION 6 Draw the structural formula for each of the following compounds: a) 3-ethyl-2,4,5-trimethyloctane b) 4-tert-butyl-2-chloro-3,5-dimethylnonanearrow_forward12. Draw the condensed structural formula of the following organic molecules (a) 2-ethylpropane (b) 2-ethyl-2,4,4-trimethylpentane (c)2,2,2-trimethylethane (d)2-methylbutane (e)2,3,3-triethylpentane (f)2,2-dimethyl-3-propyloctane (g) pent-2-ene (h)3,3-dimethylprop-2-ene (i)4-ethyl-2,5-dimethyloct-3-ene (i)4-ethyl-4,5-dimethylhex-1-ene (k)but-2-yne (1)4-ethyl-4-methylhept-3-yne (m)2,5,7-trimethylnon-3-yne (n)1,2-dimethylcyclohexane (0)3-methyl-3-propylcyclohexane (p)2-cyclobutylpentane (g) 1-ethyl-3-propylbenzene (r)2-phenyl-5-propyloctanearrow_forward
- Br Br H-C-C-C-H H H H The IUPAC name for the above structural diagram is: Select one: O 2,3-bromo-1-chloropropane O 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane O 1-chloro-2,3-dibromopropane O dibromochloropropane The organic compound shown in Question 1 is classified as a(n) Select one: O alcohol O ester O carboxylic acid O halogenated hydrocarbon The organic compound shown in Question 1 contains which functional group? Select one: O halogen O hydroxyl Oester linkage O carboxyl Use the following to answer the next 3 questions. •CH₂ OH CH CH₂ The IUPAC name for the condensed structural diagram shown above is O a. 3-butanol O b. 2-butanol O c. butan-3-ol O d. butan-2-olarrow_forwardQuestion 39arrow_forward1) Which one has isomers? methanoic acid, methane, ethene, or alcohols 2) Which of these terms describe an organic molecule with the most possible hydrogen bonds on its main chain? triple-bonded, terminal, cyclical, or saturated 3) An organic molecule consists of a chain of 8 carbons, with a double bond in the middle and an -OH group on one end. A correct name for this molecule would be Oct-4-anol, Octanol, Oct-4-enol, or Oct-4-en-1-ol 4) Which of these are not considered a functional group -OH, -CH3, -Cl or -H 5) A reaction is called an acid-catalyzed reaction. What is the name of the strong acid? oxyic acid, sulfuric acid, carbonic acid, or Ammonia acid In bold were my answers to the questions wanted to know if I have them correct. Thx :)arrow_forward
- 1. The chemical formula C4H100 results in four alcohols and three ethers for a total of seven structural isomers. Draw pairs of structural formulas for these molecules that illustrate positional and functional isomerism on a sheet of paper. You will be drawing a total of four formulas. Label each pair as positional or functional.arrow_forwardanswer this following chemistry questionarrow_forward8) Which of the following is a structural isomer of 2-methylbutane? A) n-propane B) 2-methylpropane C) n-butane D) n-pentanearrow_forward
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