HRPD-702-Mod 5 Topic 1 - Motivation Video Worksheet

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HRPD-702-Mod 5 Topic 1 - Motivation Video Worksheet Course Code: HRPD-702 Course Name: Contemporary Organizational Behaviour Directions Based on the materials in this topic, download the worksheet and capture your response(s) and then submit the completed document into the appropriate Module - Topic eDropBox folder. Complete this assignment as you watch Motivation The Classic Concepts Video in this topic. Provide your response(s) to: What is motivation? Motivation is a state of mind that propels a person to act in a specific manner in order to attain a desired objective. Internal elements like needs, interests, and values, as well as external factors like rewards, incentives, and feedback, can all have an impact on motivation. Motivation can differ in strength, direction, and perseverance. One of the best-known theories of motivation [which is not really a theory about motivation, but has implications to motivation, and other things….] is Douglas Macgregor’s Theory X and Theory Y:  Theory X managers assume that employees are sluggish and unmotivated, and that authorities should regulate and direct them. Their management style is severe, authoritarian, and punitive.  Theory Y managers assume that employees are self-motivated, accountable, and able to make decisions.  In practice, most managers depending on the situation, work, and employee, apply a blend of the two theories. However, Theory Y is often more effective at increasing motivation, performance, and satisfaction. Why are different people … Abraham Maslow believes people have ___ five _____ levels of needs which are:  Level 1 - Physiological needs © 2020 CENTENNIALCOLLEGE.CA All rights reserved . For student use only, handout for course HRPD-702 1

HRPD-702 CENTENNIAL COLLEGE Contemporary Organizational Behaviour  Level 2 - Safety needs  Level 3 - Social needs  Level 4 - Esteem needs  Level 5 - Self-actualization needs “a desire for something more” … People are motivated by those needs not yet satisfied. As lower-level wants are addressed, higher-level requirements become increasingly significant. However, not everyone achieves the maximum level of self-actualization, which involves significant effort, imagination, and courage. Frederick Herzberg looked at the relationship between motivation and job satisfaction.  Hygiene factors are things like salary, work environment, policies, and supervision. They do not motivate personnel, but they might lead to unhappiness if they are absent or inadequate.  However, to be truly motivated, people need the other set of factors which are employees require the other group of elements, known as motivators. They include things like accomplishment, acknowledgment, accountability, development, and advancement. They can improve contentment and performance, but they do not generate unhappiness when they are absent. David McClelland defined 3 needs that people have to different degrees, and these can be “learned” - they are the needs for: achievement, power and affiliation.  Most effective managers have a strong desire for success and power, with a moderate desire for affiliation. They are motivated by difficult assignments, constructive comments, and recognition.  Engineers have a great need for accomplishment and a low need for affinity. They are driven by technological challenges, autonomy, and creativity.  Sales people have a great demand for connection and power, but a low need for achievement. They are driven by social interaction, persuasion, and incentives. © 2020 CENTENNIALCOLLEGE.CA All rights reserved . For student use only, handout for course HRPD-702 2

HRPD-702 CENTENNIAL COLLEGE Contemporary Organizational Behaviour  Different jobs have different requirements and expectations, and thus different motivators.  The key is to match employee needs must be aligned with job characteristics, and suitable incentives and feedback should be provided. BF Skinner was interested in ways behaviour is learned as a result of its consequences both negative and positive. Human behaviour that is reinforced is likely to be behaviour that is not encouraged or penalized is likely to be extinguished. To influence behaviour, a manager has to be able to influence the consequences of the behaviour, either by increasing or lowering its likelihood of occurrence. The way to do this is by: 1. Positive reinforcement is defined as providing a good consequence or reward in response to a desired behaviour. 2. Negative reinforcement is the removal of an undesired outcome or penalty following a desired behaviour. Examples of these are advancement and rewarding the employee with praise. Identify which rewards will be most beneficial to each employee, depending on their preferences, needs, and ambitions. This process is called reinforcement contingency management. Some of the similarities between the theories: Understanding individual differences is crucial for understanding how we are driven, as each person has unique needs and ideals. Differences are: They differ in their assumptions, attitudes, and priorities. For example, Maslow's theory is based on a humanistic approach that stresses human potential and progress, whereas Skinner's theory is based on a behaviourist approach that emphasizes the influence of environmental stimuli and consequences. • They vary in scope and applicability. Herzberg's theory, for example, is limited to the context of work and job satisfaction, whereas McClelland's theory is more generic and applicable to a wide range of life situations. • They differ in their validity and dependability. Maslow's © 2020 CENTENNIALCOLLEGE.CA All rights reserved . For student use only, handout for course HRPD-702 3

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HRPD-702 CENTENNIAL COLLEGE Contemporary Organizational Behaviour theory, for example, is commonly criticized for being too ambiguous, subjective, and difficult to test, whereas Skinner's theory is backed up by actual data and tests. Which theory best explains how people are motivated? All can be useful when used in the appropriate combination for the situation. References: 1. Candidate, B. S. M. P. (2023, September 19). 20 Most popular theories of motivation in Psychology . PositivePsychology.com. https://positivepsychology.com/motivation-theories-psychology/ © 2020 CENTENNIALCOLLEGE.CA All rights reserved . For student use only, handout for course HRPD-702 4

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