MCDB131 Quiz Time wk 4

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131

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Biology

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Jan 9, 2024

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Quiz Time 4: 1. True or False: Bacteria undergo Mitosis. 2. Assign the correct description or title to each numbered region of this macromolecule. a. O-polysaccharide/O-antigen b. O-polysaccharide/O-antigen monomer c. Core oligosaccharide d. Outer core oligosaccharide e. Inner core oligosaccharide f. Lipid A 3. What is the name of the entire molecule, and in what kind of bacteria is this found? 4. The S-layer of bacteria is difficult to study because it is often lost after repeated subculturing in the lab. Why would laboratory culture conditions select for evolution of cells lacking an S-layer? a. Laboratory culture conditions do not provide enough nutrients for the bacteria and so they do not generate an S-layer to save resources. b. Free of predators or viruses, mutant bacteria that fail to produce the thick protein layer would save energy compared to S-layer synthesizers. c. S-layers are only synthesized when the bacteria adhere to another organism. d. Common medias used to grow bacteria contain reagents known to block S-layer formation.

5. An active transporter can: (select all that are true) a. Move solutes down their concentration gradient. b. Use existing concentration or electrochemical gradients to transport other solutes. c. Transport solutes against their concentration gradients. d. Move solutes down their electrochemical gradient. e. Use ATP hydrolysis for transport. 6. True or False: Transporters in the Gram(-) outer membrane (OMPs) are exclusively beta barrel proteins. 7. What is the role of TolC in Gram-negative bacteria? Is it found in Gram-positives? a. Export of substrates such as toxins out of the cell; No, TolC is specific to gram negative bacteria since it is localized to the inner membrane b. Export of substrates such as toxins out of the cell; No, TolC is specific to gram negative bacteria since it is localized to the periplasm/outer membrane c. Import of substrates such as toxins into the cell; No, TolC is specific to gram negative bacteria since it is localized to the inner membrane d. Import of substrates such as toxins into the cell; No, TolC is specific to gram negative bacteria since it is localized to the periplasm/outer membrane 8. True or false: If ATP was depleted in the cell, TolC would be unable to function. 9. Outer membrane porins can allow dangerous molecules to enter into the periplasm. What is an observed approach bacteria have taken to limit the uptake of dangerous molecules? a. Bacteria overexpress porins when environmental conditions are stressful b. Bacteria express porins of different sizes depending on environmental conditions c. Bacteria stop expressing porins when environmental conditions are stressful d. No mechanism has been observed that limits uptake of dangerous molecules by porins in bacteria 10. Propose an experimental approach for determining where the origin of replication (OriC) is spatially located in an E. coli cell undergoing cell division. ( Hint : what procedure have you already learned about that can be used to track proteins in a live cell?)

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