Effect of Concentration, pH, and Temperature

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Jan 9, 2024

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Effect of Concentration, pH, & temperature Key Concepts  The influence of enzyme concentration reflects the fact that without the enzyme, the reaction will not occur.  A greater enzyme concentration increases the reaction rate because the chance of both collision and binding between substrate and enzyme is increased.  Enzyme concentration is the only variable changing in this experiment; therefore, enzyme concentration is the only variable affecting the reaction rate. o The influence of pH on enzyme activity reflects the fact that pH can affect enzyme- substrate binding. o Enzymes are active within a certain pH range, and their activity is decreased below and above that range. o The pH of the solutions is the only variable changing in this experiment; therefore, pH is the only variable affecting the reaction rate.  Molecules move faster at higher temperatures.  The faster movement of molecules increases the chance of collision, thus making the binding between substrate and enzyme more likely.  The reaction rate between substrate and enzyme is increased as temperature increases.  Temperatures that are too high cause enzymes to denature and stop reacting. Before You Begin How to measure bubble volume The volume of bubbles = total volume of liquid and bubbles minus the volume of liquid In this example, the volume of bubbles is: 6.5 mL – 5 mL = 1.5 mL

Introduction (Concentration)  What is your prediction for this experiment? o Increasing enzyme concentration increases the reaction rate  What is your strategy to test your prediction? o I will measure the height of bubbles in tubes with different enzyme concentrations During the Lab (Concentration) By adding 10% catalase in this step instead of 5% catalase, what is being tested o Effect of concentration in the enzyme  10% catalase instead of 5% catalase increases the overall concentration of enzyme in the solution since the total volume is still 5 mL Why are you performing the test with distilled water and hydrogen peroxide? o It is a negative control test  You are performing an experiment in which you do not expect a reaction to occur, since you do not have both the enzyme and substrate What affects does catalase concentration have on the rate of the reaction in this simulation? o Adding more catalase speeds up the reaction

Introduction (pH)  What is your prediction for this experiment? o Increasing pH will increase the enzyme activity  What is your strategy to test your prediction? o I will prepare test tubes with the same amount of enzymes at different pH, and I will measure the height of the bubbles During the Lab How will HCI affect the pH of the solution? o The pH of the solution will drop  HCI is an acid. The HCI will cause the pH to drop as the amount of H + increases. How will NaOH affect the pH of the solution? o The pH of the solution will rise  NaOH is a base. The more basic the solution, the higher the pH.

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What effect does pH have on the rate of the rection in this simulation? o The reaction rate is fastest near pH 7 and slower at higher and lower pH Introduction (temperature)  What is your prediction for this experiment? o Increasing temperature will increase reaction rate  What is your strategy? o I will measure the height of the bubble column in tubes in which the same amount of enzymes is prepared at different temperatures During the Lab Why is the experiment performed at 37°C?

o Because 37°C is near typical human body temperature and this helps me understand how this enzyme functions at the temperature it is normally found. Which of the following describes the effect of temperature on the reaction rate? o As the temperature increases, the reaction rate increases to a point. After a maximum rate, the reaction slows down as temperature increases

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