410 C-Fern Group Paper

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American River College *

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410

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Biology

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Jan 9, 2024

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C-Fern Group Lab Paper Worth : 25 points Due : Sunday, November 19, 11:59 p.m. Don’t copy any information without proper citation (use APA) and use of quote marks, if appropriate. The majority of your group’s paper must be in your own voice—not quotes or paraphrased materials. Your group’s paper must be submitted electronically on Canvas. Please submit the file as a PDF. Immediately after submitting a file to Canvas, each person in a group should: * Verify that the file was successfully uploaded; * Verify that it is the correct and complete file for grading; Once the folder closes, the last file submitted will be the file graded. Background—Important! For completion of this lab paper you need to know that color (solid green versus polka-dot) is controlled by one gene with two alleles. If you are not sure whether solid green or polka-dot is dominant, consider wild type versus mutant (See C-Ferns in the Lab Manual ), study the class data, and discuss with the instructor. Answer the following questions. Include the questions in your lab paper, and add your answer after each question. This document is available on Canvas in Microsoft Word and pdf so that you can more easily provide your answers after each question. 1 BIOL 410
1. What are the names of your group members (four maximum unless you have a group with five) who participated in the experiment and helped to prepare this lab paper? Explain how any group members did not participate equally in all aspects of this experiment and lab paper preparation. If all group members participated equally, state that they did. This question must be answered to receive any points. 2. Abstract: Define the purpose of this experiment in your own words. Then, in a few sentences, describe what you did to set up the experiment, and what data was collected. Finally, outline what your findings of the experiment were after analyzing the data, and why these results are important. You will be exploring and explaining these findings (including which results were or were not expected and why) in the later sections of the report, the abstract is only meant to sum up the key points of the entire paper. You will want to do this last, after you finish the rest of the paper. Otherwise how can you sum up something that isn’t completed! Click here , and here , for some more information on how to write an abstract! 3. As stated in the directions for Day 1 of the C-Fern project in the Lab Manual , the “spores resulted from meiosis in sporophytes, which were produced by crossing solid green and polka dot gametophytes.” Which of the following describes the genotype for the sporophyte that produced the spores: homozygous or heterozygous? No explanation needed. 4. Female polka-dot gametophytes in your plates and in nature will produce sporophytes that are which one of the following? No explanation needed. Only polka-dot? Only solid-green? Either polka-dot or solid-green? 5. Female solid-green gametophytes in your plates and in nature will produce sporophytes that are which one of the following? No explanation needed. Only polka-dot? Only solid-green? Either polka-dot or solid-green? 6. Polka-dot sporophytes will produce gametophytes in your plates and in nature that are which one of the following? No explanation needed. Only polka-dot? 2 BIOL 410
Only solid-green? Either polka-dot or solid-green? 7. Solid-green sporophytes will produce gametophytes in your plates and in nature that are which one of the following? No explanation needed. Only polka-dot? Only solid-green? Either polka-dot or solid-green? 8. Analyze the class data on gametophytes using chi-square analysis and complete the following table. Carefully read “Statistical Tests for BIOL 410” at the end of the Lab Manual . Indicate a significant chi-square value by appropriately using “*”. Table A Calculation of Χ 2 from class data of gametophytes Phenotype O E d = (O - E) d 2 d 2 /E Solid green Polka dot Total Χ 2 = * Statistically significant (P< 0.05). 9. What are the degrees of freedom for Table A? 10. What is the approximate probability (P) value of your calculated Χ 2 in Table A? [Interpret the chi- square probability table in the Lab Manual . For example, is P between 0.05 and 0.1? Or < 0.005?] 11. What is the hypothesis you are testing in Table A? See “Statistical Tests for BIOL 410.” 12. Is your tested hypothesis in Table A supported or not supported? Explain why by stating the critical value of Χ 2 , comparing your calculated Χ 2 value to the critical value of Χ 2 , and then interpreting the P value. See “Statistical Tests for BIOL 410.” 13. Analyze the class data on sporophytes using chi-square analysis, and complete the following table. Carefully read “Statistical Tests for BIOL 410.” Indicate a significant chi-square value by appropriately using “*”. Table B Calculation of Χ 2 from class data of sporophyte Phenotype O E d = (O - E) d 2 d 2 /E 3 BIOL 410
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Solid green Polka dot Total Χ 2 = * Statistically significant (P< 0.05). 14. What are the degrees of freedom in Table B? 15. What is the approximate probability value (P) of your calculated Χ 2 in Table B? [Interpret the chi- square probability table in the Lab Manual . For example, is P between 0.05 and 0.1? Or < 0.005?] 16. What is the hypothesis you are testing in Table B? See “Statistical Tests for BIOL 410.” 17. Is your tested hypothesis in Table B supported or not supported? Explain why by stating the critical value of Χ 2 , comparing your calculated Χ 2 value to the critical value of Χ 2 , and then interpreting the P value. See “Statistical Tests for BIOL 410.” 18. Explain why the data and your chi-square results (Tables A and B) are or are not what you expected, based upon what you should know about meiosis, Mendelian genetics, and an alternation of generations life cycle (sporic meiosis). If the data and chi-square analyses are not what you expected, explain what you were expecting and possible sources of problems. As a part of your answer, explain what ratios were expected and why. NOTE: Excluding the hermaphrodites has minimal to no effect on the observed data. 19. Only one zygote usually develops in each fern gametophyte. Why is it beneficial for only one zygote to develop? 20. Exclusively male fern gametophytes can develop when nearby, older, hermaphrodite gametophytes of the same species secrete chemicals (antheridiogens). Antheridiogens will promote nearby gametophytes of the same species to develop antheridia and inhibit formation of archegonia. Therefore, these nearby gametophytes have the genetic capability of forming antheridia and archegonia, but will form only antheridia. What are two survival advantages of older fern gametophytes producing antheridiogens? 4 BIOL 410