The Endocrine System

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Unitek College, Fremont *

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215

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Biology

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Jan 9, 2024

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Uploaded by shimralkumar

The Endocrine System The Endocrine System Shimral Kumar Unitek College BIO215-E Dawn Graeme 11/28/2023

The Endocrine System 2 Abstract The thyroid gland is a tiny, butterfly-shaped gland located toward the front of the neck. Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are the two main hormones produced by the thyroid gland. These hormones oversee controlling and maintaining the body's metabolic rate. Thyroid hormones are chemicals released by the thyroid gland in response to stimulation by pituitary hormones. Anatomically, the pituitary gland at the base of the brain oversees producing the hormone thyrotropin (TSH). Thyroid hormone production is stimulated by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). There is a feedback mechanism that controls the levels of thyroid hormone in the blood. A feedback mechanism that causes an unfavorable response is considered disputed. This suggests that the thyroid gland stops producing thyroid hormone in reaction to elevated blood levels, even if blood levels stay raised. The thyroid gland will produce more thyroid hormone if there is a thyroid hormone shortage in the blood. This feedback system helps to maintain appropriate ranges for thyroid hormone concentrations in the bloodstream by regulating their operation. In order to control the number of thyroid hormones in the body, the negative feedback mechanism is used. Accordingly, it appears that the thyroid gland will secrete less thyroid hormone in reaction to increasing blood levels of the hormone. When there isn't enough thyroid hormone in the blood, the thyroid gland will crank out more of the hormone. By working as it should, this feedback mechanism helps keep blood concentrations of thyroid hormone within healthy limits. The hormone thyrotropin oversees a feedback system that helps regulate the production of thyroid hormone (TSH). Producing TSH is the pituitary gland's job. It's situated at the base of the brain. Anabolic steroid hormone (TSH) promotes thyroid hormone production. The regulation of blood TSH concentrations is the responsibility of the feedback mechanism. A feedback mechanism that causes a negative response is the one under dispute. This data reveals that the pituitary gland secretes less TSH than usual when blood thyroid hormone levels are high.

The Endocrine System 3 When the blood thyroid hormone concentration is too low, the pituitary gland releases a large amount of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). By working as it should, this feedback mechanism helps keep blood concentrations of thyroid hormone within healthy limits. Grave's disease is distinguished by the manifestation of its signs and symptoms, which comprise weight loss, fatigue and anxiety, excessive perspiration, and an irregular pulse. Grave's disease is classified as an autoimmune disorder, wherein the thyroid gland is targeted for destruction by the immune system. This gives rise to the symptoms of the disease. Because of this assault, the thyroid gland secretes an excess of thyroid hormone beyond the physiological demands of the body. Grave's disease, or hyperthyroidism, is a medical condition distinguished by an overabundance of thyroid hormone in the circulation. Grave's disease accounts for the greatest proportion of cases involving hyperthyroidism. A variety of symptoms may be associated with the condition known as hyperthyroidism, including fatigue, panic attacks, profuse perspiration, and irregular cardiac rhythm. Medications that inhibit the concentration of the thyroid hormone in the bloodstream is commonly prescribed to Graves' disease patients. The medication most frequently prescribed for the treatment of Grave's disease is levothyroxine. By inhibiting the production of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland, levothyroxine achieves its mechanism of action. A medication-induced reduction in blood levels of thyroid hormone constitutes the therapeutic approach for Grave's disease. The medication most frequently prescribed for the treatment of Grave's disease is levothyroxine. By inhibiting the production of thyroid hormone

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The Endocrine System 4 by the thyroid gland, levothyroxine achieves its mechanism of action. Levothyroxine is the consequence of the synthesis of the thyroid hormone thyroxine. Typically, levothyroxine oral administration is restricted to once daily. The dosage of levothyroxine administered to a patient is personalized, considering both the patient's symptoms and thyroid hormone levels. Patients who have received a diagnosis of Grave's disease may be obligated to undergo radioactive iodine therapy as an integral component of their treatment, in conjunction with medication. During radioactive iodine therapy, patients are instructed to ingest a pill that contains a minute quantity of radioactive iodine. Iodine that is radioactive is capable of being absorbed by the thyroid gland, resulting in the destruction of the gland. Reference professional, C. C. medical. (n.d.). Thyroid hormone: What it is & function . Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/22391-thyroid-hormone

The Endocrine System 5 Fekete, C., & Lechan, R. M. (2007). Negative feedback regulation of hypophysiotropic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) synthesizing neurons: Role of neuronal afferents and type 2 deiodinase . Frontiers in neuroendocrinology. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2000455/ Graves disease - statpearls - NCBI bookshelf. (n.d.). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448195/ WebMD. (n.d.). Understanding graves’ disease -- treatment . WebMD. https://www.webmd.com/women/understanding-graves-disease-treatment

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