ALA-ExperimentalInquiry - Shippee

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Biology

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Apr 3, 2024

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ALA – Experimental Inquiry: The Process of Science (Be sure to DOWNLOAD AND SAVE this file BEFORE you enter responses) Please enter the following: Name Shippee Team (Table) No. 5 Trio (A, B, or C): B Note: This ALA should be completed individually by all students. It will not be graded, but will be good practice so you have a sense of what to expect for future ALAs. In general, most FUTURE ALAs this semester will be completed in teams of 3-- and each trio will submit just one completed ALA! ALA Reminders:  Complete the assignment using Microsoft Word ( not as a google doc or “Pages” common on Macs ).  Unless indicated otherwise by Dr. C, most ALAs this semester must be submitted by the end of class to receive credit .  Be sure to ask Dr. C or the Teaching Assistant if you need help! STOP! If you are at all unsure about how to prevent a submission of a blank file (which happens often), do a quick test run before you proceed any further. Save this file with info entered above locally on your device then submit through blackboard. Then, check your submission to make sure it does indeed show the correct version. You may then continue with the assignment, save locally to your device, and upload to blackboard when finished. The assignment itself will remain online all semester and you may see exam questions based on this ALA. Note: ALAs will be submitted through Blackboard. I strongly recommend using Microsoft Word so that formatting is accurate. What Can You Learn About the Process of Science from Investigating a Cricket’s Chirp? Most species in the insect order Orthoptera (crickets, grasshoppers, locusts) produce a song by rubbing their wings or legs against each other. In most of the species that sing, only the male produces a song. Crickets are a common example; their songs are a familiar night sound in most parts of the continental United States. Some crickets produce a song that is continuous for several seconds or more, while others break their song into a sequence of chirps, typically with 10-50 chirps per minute. Observe the online video below. Observe the male cricket (chirping) and the female cricket (the one with the long, spear-like structure protruding from her back end--- the ovipositor—what do you think that is used for? No need to actually type a response to that question—I just want you to think about it. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WB5bBpdlbY4 Part A - Experimental technique: Experimental and control groups

Based on the observation that only male crickets produce a song, you hypothesize that a male’s song is a form of communication to potential mates. You set up a simple experiment to test this hypothesis. In the laboratory, you place a male snowy tree cricket in enclosure A, which is adjacent to enclosure B. In enclosure B, you place other types of crickets, one at a time, and observe their responses to the male's song. The enclosures are designed so that the two insects being tested cannot see or smell each other, but sound is transmitted from enclosure A to enclosure B. 1. For each cricket below, indicate whether it is part of an experimental group or a control group when placed in enclosure B. Cricket Experimental or Control Group? Control Experimental Experimental Part B - Graphing experimental data There are many reports that the number of chirps per minute that a cricket produces is correlated with the ambient temperature. Your class decides to test this hypothesis by collecting several males from two species of crickets: the snowy tree cricket ( Oecanthus fultoni ) and the common field cricket ( Gryllus pennsylvanicus ). In the laboratory, you measure the chirp rate of each cricket at four different temperatures. The data are shown in the table below.

2. Plot the data for the two species of crickets (place both species on a single graph). Simply click and drag the markers to the appropriate region on the graph. Red Circles represent Snowy Tree Cricket. Blue squares represent Common Field Cricket. Note: if you have difficulties dragging the markers, simply describe what the two slopes would look like here (don’t waste a lot of time trying to drag the markers): Part C - Interpreting experimental results The process of science is not limited to acquiring and visualizing data (as you did in Part B). Analysis and interpretation of data are also essential parts of scientific investigation. Which of the following statements are valid conclusions that could be drawn from the graph you produced above? Place an “X” next to the statements you think are valid. 3. Crickets of these two species sing only at temperatures between 15 °C and 30 °C. 4. X The change in chirp rate with each change in temperature is similar for the two species. 5. X The difference between the chirp rates of the two species remains fairly constant across the range of temperatures tested. 6. X It is possible for a male snowy tree cricket and a male field cricket to sing with the same chirp rate, but only at different temperatures.

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Part D - Experimental prediction: The effect of temperature on the female’s response to the male’s song In Part B, you observed that different species of crickets could sing at the same chirp rate, but only at different temperatures. For example, the snowy tree cricket and the common field cricket can both produce songs with 100 chirps per minute, but the snowy tree cricket does so at about 16 °C while the common field cricket does so at about 30 °C. Because you found these two species coexisting in the same region where you collected them, you form the following hypothesis and prediction: Hypothesis : Female crickets respond to both the chirp rate of the male’s song and the local temperature when identifying potential mates. Prediction : If the female is at a different temperature from the male, she will not respond to the male’s song even if it is a male of the same species. To test your hypothesis, you use the same laboratory setup that you used in Part A. The only difference is that now the temperature of the two enclosures can be independently controlled. In your proposed experiment:  A male snowy tree cricket will be placed in the first enclosure and kept at 25 °C.  A sexually mature female snowy tree cricket will be placed in the second enclosure, and its response to the male’s song will be determined at several different temperatures between 5 °C and 40 °C. Based on your observations in Part A, you score the response of the female on a scale of 0 to 10, where 10 represents the female turning directly toward the chirping male and 0 represents no motion or random turning. 7. Assuming your hypothesis is supported, sketch a graph that predicts the response of the female cricket to the male’s song as the temperature of the female’s enclosure varies (remember, the male is kept at 25 °C). You might try using a drawing program on your laptop. If this is a hassle, simply make a sketch on paper, take a photo, and insert below. 0 2 4 6 8 10 Female Response Temperature (C) 40 30 20 10

Use the space below to insert picture of graph if needed. Now let’s assume you actually conducted the experiment and observed the results shown below. 0 2 4 6 8 10 8. Do the results shown above support your predictions (based on your hypothesis)? Explain. If not, provide an alternative hypothesis that might explain the relationship between temperature, chirp rate, and female response (based on the graph above). No, because it shows that the female will respond to the male chirping no matter the temp. If a male cricket is put into different temps. Then the female cricket will not change its “attractiveness” due to the temp. DON’T FORGET TO ENTER RELEVANT INFO AT THE TOP OF PAGE 1! Save as a Word (or PDF) file on your computer and then upload through Blackboard. DOUBLE CHECK to make sure your file has been submitted correctly. Female Response Temperature (C) 40 30 20 10

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ALA-ExperimentalInquiry - Shippee

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