Lab 3_ Cell Division Lab Exercises

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Mesa Community College *

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201

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Biology

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Apr 3, 2024

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Lab 3: Cell Division Lab Exercises Student Name: __________________ Directions ● In order to edit this document, you will need to select “File” then “make a copy” to save a copy to your Google Drive or “File” then “download” to download a copy in your preferred format. ● If you would like to print this document, you may either download the pdf version and print, or make a copy and print. ● To complete this lab: ○ Read the background material and watch the Cell Division Lab Video linked on Canvas. ○ Answer the following questions and make the drawings as directed below. ○ When you have completed this lab exercise: ■ Upload your completed “Lab Exercises” document (this document) WITH DRAWINGS on Canvas ■ AND submit your answers in the Lab 3: Cell Division Submission Review the Events of Mitosis Use the Lab 3: Cell Division Background page material and Cell Division Lab Video on Canvas to answer the following questions. 1. In order to replicate (undergo mitosis), a cell must have two copies of its DNA. In what phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur? Replication of DNA happens in interphase. During this process the cell will go through 3 phases in order to properly copy the DNA (G1, S, G2). In G1 the cells grows, checks for mistakes, and ensures that cells has the nutrients in order to replicate. The S phase is where the DNA is replicated. G2 is the same process of G1 (checks growth, identifies mistakes, and sees that the cell has proper nutrients), except that its checking that the replication done in S phase was done properly. The two copies are two chromatids that make up a whole chromosome. 2. Match the following events of mitosis to the correct phase. Use a P to indicate prophase, an M to indicate metaphase, an A for anaphase, and a T for telophase. a. __M___ Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell b. __T___ A cleavage furrow is clearly visible c. __P___ The centrioles move towards opposite ends of the cell d. __T___ Nuclear membrane reappears e. __A___ Sister chromatids separate f. __T___ Cytokinesis occurs g. __P___ The nuclear membrane disappears h. __P___ Chromatin unravels and uncoils and chromosomes are no longer visible i. __A___ Spindle fibers pull on the centromeres to move the chromosomes j. __P___ Chromatin coils into visible chromosomes k. __T___ Spindle fibers disappear 3. Many terms in the cell cycle sound similar, but have very different functions. One example is centrosome and centromere. Define both of these terms using the lab background material. Centrosomes- Are the organelles that is made up of two centrioles. Centromere- The connection between 2 sister chromatids making up a whole chromosome. 4. Another pair of similar sounding words is chromosome and chromatid. Describe the differences between a chromosome and a chromatid using the lab background material and your textbook. A chromatid is a single strand (of 2), copied DNA, that make up the chromosome. A chromosome is two chromatids connected by the centrosome. It is a copy of DNA used in the process of mitosis and meiosis. BIO201 @ MCC Lab 3: Cell Division, Page 1

5. What is the difference between an astral ray and a spindle fiber? Astral Rays- These microtubules are the fibers that radiate from the centrioles into the cytoplasm Spindle Fibers- These are the microtubules that form between the centrioles. These fibers reach toward the chromatids and lead them back to the centrosome Observe Histological Slides of Mitosis Watch the “Cell Division Lab Video” as the Fish blastula slide is obtained and viewed. You will see nine or sixteen pink blobs arranged in three or four rows. These pink blobs are thin slices from a dividing fish embryo found inside a fish egg. Imagine if you sliced an orange and laid out the slices; this is what is on the slide. Observe as one of the pink blobs is located under the scanning objective of your microscope. As the video moves up to the low power objective, scan through each of the blobs looking for the different stages of mitosis. When a cell in a particular stage of mitosis is located, the video moves up to high power so that you may see more detail. You must be at high power (400x) to see the details of the dividing cells. Notice the lab video provides some live pictures through the microscope and some still photos in the second half. It may be helpful to watch the whole video before deciding which photos you would like to use for your drawings. Draw the Stages of Mitosis Record each stage of mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase) by drawing each stage of mitosis seen at high power. Pause the lab video and draw a picture of each stage on a piece of paper and label the required elements (see below). Drawing what you see encourages you to look at the details of the specimen and helps to to learn to identify the cells and cellular structures. Label each of your four drawings of the phases of mitosis on high power . ● Every drawing or picture should include the magnification (high power is 400x total magnification) and the phase of mitosis shown in the picture or drawing. A circle or arrow may be helpful to determine which of the cells in the drawing are in the labeled phase of mitosis. ● You may have to take some artistic liberty (draw in things you don’t quite see but know are there) to have all the required elements in your drawing. Use Focus figure 3.4 on page 106 to help you. ● For each specific phase, label the structures as listed below. Notice the labels are different for each phase. You may find the MCC A and P Photo Album for Cell Division helpful as you label these structures. BIO201 @ MCC Lab 3: Cell Division, Page 2

Stage of Mitosis Labeled Drawing of Cell(s) in Specific Stage of Mitosis 1. Prophase a. Chromosomes Stage of Mitosis Labeled Drawing of Cell(s) in Specific Stage of Mitosis 2. Metaphase a. Centrosomes (centrioles) b. Spindle fibers c. Astral rays d. Metaphase plate e. Chromosomes 3. Anaphase a. Centrosomes b. Spindle fibers c. Astral rays d. Chromosomes 4. Telophase a. Chromosomes b. Cleavage furrow BIO201 @ MCC Lab 3: Cell Division, Page 3

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