HW problem set

pdf

School

Georgia State University *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

1101

Subject

Biology

Date

Apr 3, 2024

Type

pdf

Pages

3

Uploaded by ChancellorGrouseMaster906

Report
Meena Amiri 2/18/24 1. (5 points - SHOW YOUR WORK) Demonstrate if/how selection can lead to a violation of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium principle. Assume initial allele frequencies of A1 = 0.6 and A2 = 0.4, an initial population size of 100, and selection removing 50% of heterozygous individuals. The genotype frequencies before and after selection should be calculated: Using the hardy-weinberg equation: p^2+2pq+q^2=1 p= 0.6, q=0.4 So the initial genotype frequencies are: p^2= (0.6)^2 =0.36 2pq= 2(0.6)(0.4)= 0.48 q^2= (0.4)^2= 0.16 So, the initial genotype frequencies are: AA = 0.36, Aa = 0.48, aa = 0.16 Number of individuals with genotype AA: 0.36×100=36 Number of individuals with genotype Aa:0.48×100=48 Number of individuals with genotype aa: 0.16×100=16 Apply selection removing 50% of heterozygous individuals: 48×0.5=24 Recalculating the allele frequencies after selection: Total number of individuals after selection: 36+24+16=76 Frequency of allele A1: (36×2+24)/(76×2)=96/152≈0.6329 Frequency of allele A2: 1−0.6329=0.3671 Recalculate the genotype frequencies after selection: p^2= (0.6329)^2= 0.4001 2pq= 2(0.6329)(0.3671)= 0.4643 q^2= (0.3671)^2≈0.1351 So, the genotype frequencies after selection are: AA ≈ 0.4001, Aa ≈ 0.4643, aa ≈ 0.1351 Before selection: AA = 0.36, Aa = 0.48, aa = 0.16 After selection: AA ≈ 0.4001, Aa ≈ 0.4643, aa ≈ 0.1351 As we can see, the genotype frequencies have changed after selection, indicating a violation of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium principle.
2. (5 points - SHOW YOUR WORK) Lidicker and McCollum provided a test of the hypothesis that the bottleneck in California sea otter populations led to inbreeding. One of the alleles they studied had just two alleles, S (for slow) and F (for fast). Among the 33 otters they sampled, the number of each genotype was: SS = 16, SF = 7, FF = 10 a. Within this sample, what are the frequencies of the S and F alleles? Total number of alleles = 33 * 2 = 66 (since each individual has two alleles) Calculate the frequency of allele S (p) using the genotype counts: Frequency of allele S (p) = (2 * SS + SF) / (2 * total number of alleles) Frequency of allele S (p) = (2 * 16 + 7) / (2 * 66) Frequency of allele S (p) = (32 + 7) / 66 Frequency of allele S (p) = 39 / 66 Frequency of allele S (p) ≈ 0.5909 Calculate the frequency of allele F (q) using the genotype counts: Frequency of allele F (q) = (2 * FF + SF) / (2 * total number of alleles) Frequency of allele F (q) = (2 * 10 + 7) / (2 * 66) Frequency of allele F (q) = (20 + 7) / 66 Frequency of allele F (q) = 27 / 66 Frequency of allele F (q) ≈ 0.4091 within this sample, the frequencies of the S and F alleles are approximately 0.5909 and 0.4091 b. Based on those allele frequencies, what are the EXPECTED Hardy-Weinberg genotype frequencies if the population is in equilibrium? Using the hardy-weinberg equation: p^2+2pq+q^2=1 P 2 =(0.5909)^2 ≈0.3483 2 pq =2(0.5909)(0.4091)≈0.4826 q 2 =(0.4091)^2 ≈0.167 So, SS ≈ 0.3483, SF ≈ 0.4826, FF ≈ 0.1674
c. What are the actual genotype frequencies from the 33 otters that were sampled? The actual genotype frequencies from the 33 otters sampled were SS = 16 SF = 7 FF = 10 d. Was the population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? If not, does the data support inbreeding as an explanation and, if so, why? Given that the calculation of the expected genotype frequencies does not precisely match the provided observed genotype frequencies, we would expect some deviation from HWE. Whether this deviation is significant enough to suggest inbreeding would depend on the results of the chi-square test and further analysis. If the observed frequencies significantly differ from the expected frequencies and there are fewer heterozygotes than expected, it could support the hypothesis of inbreeding in the population.
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help

Related Documents

Lab Exercise 06.pdf
OwlPelletLabAssignment (1).docx
Lab 02 Exercise 01.pdf
Lab 02 Concept Review Questions.pdf
Lab 02 Exercise 03.pdf
Respiration Part 1 Worksheet F23.pdf
Lab 17_ Upper Extremity Muscles Lab Exercises.docx
Lab 14_ Joints Lab Exercises.docx
Lab 5_ Histology of Epithelial Tissue Lab Exercises.docx
Lab 3_ Cell Division Lab Exercises.docx
Lab 2_ Microscopy Lab Exercises.docx
CURE Report Week 9 (1).docx
Recommended textbooks for you
Text book image
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...
Biology
ISBN:9781305251052
Author:Michael Cummings
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781337392938
Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Text book image
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap...
Biology
ISBN:9781337408332
Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap...
Biology
ISBN:9781305073951
Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (Mi...
Biology
ISBN:9781305117396
Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher:Cengage Learning
SEE MORE TEXTBOOKS
Recommended textbooks for you
Text book image
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...
Biology
ISBN:9781305251052
Author:Michael Cummings
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781337392938
Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Text book image
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap...
Biology
ISBN:9781337408332
Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap...
Biology
ISBN:9781305073951
Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (Mi...
Biology
ISBN:9781305117396
Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher:Cengage Learning
SEE MORE TEXTBOOKS