A&P HW#9

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Oct 30, 2023

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Easton Schroeder Homework: #9 1. The functions of the urinary systems are: Regulation of ion levels in the blood Regulation of blood volume and pressure Regulation of blood Ph Production of hormones Excretion of waste All of these functions are performed by the kidneys in unison with the urinary system. 2. The three functions of the nephron are: Glomerular filtration is the process of blood pressure forcing water and most solutes in blood plasma across the glomerular capillaries Tubular reabsorption is the recollection of filtered water and solutes to the blood, performed by tubule and duct cells. Tubular secretion is the removal of excess solutes, drugs, and waste after the prior to functions. Urine is the collection of excess waste. 3. The glomerular filtration rate is the amount of filtrate formed in both kidneys every single minute.’ 4. Micturition is the expulsion of urine into the urethra after being stored in the urinary bladder. The Micturition reflex occurs by parasympathetic impulses from the spinal cord causing contractions of the detrusor muscle and relaxation of the internal urethral sphincter muscle. The spinal cord inhibits somatic motor neurons, causing relaxation of the skeletal muscle in the external urethral sphincter. 5. The kidneys help regulate blood pH with help from the renal tubules. The renal tubules secrete H+, which is excreted into the urine. The kidneys also secrete HCO3- and reabsorb filtrated HCO3-. HCO3- which is an important buffer, and helps with the slow mechanism of removing acids to maintain blood pH. 6. Meiosis differs from Mitosis because the products of mitosis are two identical diploid cells, with two homologous copies of each chromosome. However, meiosis results in 4 haploid cells. The chromosomes are not identical to each other in each of the 4 haploid cells. Meiosis is the process that forms gametes. 7. Spermatogenesis is the process of the seminiferous tubules in the testes and how they produce sperm in a male. Oogenesis is the formation of gametes in the ovaries in a female.
8. FSH and LH are key hormones in both the reproductive systems of a male and female. LH stimulates the further development of ovarian follicles and their full secretion of estrogen in females. LH in males stimulates interstitial cells to secrete testosterone. FSH initiates follicular growth and the secretion of estrogen in females while it works together with testosterone in males to begin the process of spermatogenesis. The anterior pituitary secretes and synthesizes in both hormones. GnRH is secreted in the hypothalamus and this hormone stimulates the anterior pituitary to increase its production of both LH and FSH in puberty .
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