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Name: Anna Hale Total: /10 ‘Topic of the Week’ Literature Assignment – Lab 5 The learning objectives of this assignment are to: 1) Find a scholarly article related a topic from Lab 5 using a keyword search on Web of Science. 2) Describe in your own words the purpose of the research and one experiment from the methods section. 3) Cite a scholarly article. Submission and Grading: Fill in the required information on this worksheet and submit it to Topic of the Week Dropbox in the Assignments module on Brightspace as a .doc or .docx file (no PDFs). Late assignments will not be accepted and will receive a grade of zero. Assignment submissions will be time-stamped by the Brightspace website.  Please upload your assignment well-before the deadline to avoid a late assignment. Always back up your work.  Lost assignments due to computer crashes, file corruption or other computer related issues will not be excused. Exercise 1. Using Web of Science , accessed through the UVic library, find a PRIMARY SCHOLARLY article using a chosen keyword related to a topic from Lab 5. Enter the bibliographic information in the table below. This table will be marked for content, not formatting. (2 marks) Keyword used Pollen grains Title of article Trade off between quantity and size of pollen grains in the heterandrous flowers of Senna pendula (Fabaceae) Author(s) Pinheiro-Costa, Bruna Karen ; Mesquita-Neto, José Neiva ; Rego, Juliana Ordones ; Schlindwein, Clemens Title of journal (Source) Acta Botanica Brasilica Date of publication 2018-09 Volume 32 Page Numbers (if applicable)* 446-453

DOI (digital object identifier) if found 10.1590/0102-33062018abb0132 * some articles are only available electronically and may not have page numbers Exercise 2. Refer to the links about Research Papers (primary scholarly articles) on Brightspace. Have a look at the methods (also called materials and methods) section of the chosen article. (i) In your own words, briefly describe the purpose of the methods section in a scientific research article (1 mark) . The methods section of a research paper provides the information by which a study’s validity is judged. Therefore, it requires a clear and precise description of how an experiment was done, and the rational for why specific experimental procedures were chosen. (ii) How many subheadings are in the methods section of the chosen article (1 mark) ? 5 (iii) In your own words, briefly summarize one procedure within the methods section of the chosen article (1 mark) . The procedure aimed to determine the breeding system of S. pendula through controlled hand pollination. This involved several treatments: 1. Self-pollination: Flowers were hand self-pollinated on four plants with a total of 16 flowers, while two plants with five flowers were maintained for spontaneous self-pollination (without hand pollination). 2. Cross-pollination: Hand cross-pollination was performed using pollen from stamens of varying lengths - long, medium, and short stamens. Each type of stamen was used for pollination on four plants, with a total of 52, 61, and 51 flowers, respectively. These pollen donors were located at least 100 meters away from the receiving plants. 3. Open flowers: Non-bagged marked flowers were left accessible to natural flower visitors. The study measured fruit set (# of fruits/# of flowers) and seed set (# of seeds/fruit) for each of the different treatments. The statistical significance of fruit and seed set differences was assessed using the chi-square test and ANOVA (GLM procedure with a Poisson distribution).

The analysis was performed using the stats package in R version 3.3.3. The sample number (N) represents the number of plant individuals in each treatment. Exercise 3. If you wanted to summarize a procedure described above in Exercise 2(iii) in a scientific report, how would you cite it? Give your example below. Hint: refer to Appendix D in the lab manual (1 mark) . “To determine the breeding system of S. pendula, controlled hand pollination was preformed…(Pinheiro- Costa et al., 2018)” (ii) Cite the chosen article using the format from Appendix D in the lab manual (1 mark) . Pinheiro-Costa, B.K . , J.N Mesquita-Neto, J.O. Rego, and C. Schlindwein . 2018. Trade off between quantity and size of pollen grains in the heterandrous flowers of Senna pendula (Fabaceae). Acta Botanica Brasilica 32 : 446-453. Exercise 4. Read the introduction of the chosen article. In your own words, briefly describe the purpose (objective) of the chosen paper (1 mark) . The objective of the paper is to investigate and answer two main questions related to the shrub Senna pendula and its unique floral characteristics, particularly its stamen variations. The paper aims to address the following questions: 1. Pollen Grain Morphology and Quantity: The first question pertains to the differences in the morphology (ornamentation, shape, volume) and quantity (# of grains) of pollen produced by the three sets of stamens found in the flowers of Senna pendula. This aspect of the study is likely aimed at understanding the physical characteristics of the pollen grains produced by different stamen types. 2. Fecundity of Pollen: The second question focuses on whether there are differences in the fecundity of pollen from the three sets of stamens. In other words, the paper seeks to determine if the pollen from each type of stamen contributes differently to the reproductive success of the plant, possibly through variations in pollen viability or effectiveness in pollination.

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Overall, the paper's objective is to explore the relationship between the unique stamen structure of Senna pendula and its pollen characteristics, as well as their potential impact on the plant's reproductive success. Exercise 5 : Choose another primary scholarly article from your Web of Science search results. (i) In your own words, briefly describe what the article is about and how the article is relevant to a topic from Lab 5 (1 mark) . This study investigated the impact of high temperature stress on pollen grains in sunflower, with the aim of understanding how it affects pollen viability and germination. The experiment used two temperature treatments, one at 45°C for varying durations and the other at 50°C for different time periods, on ten different sunflower inbred lines while untreated pollen grains served as the control. The data collected focused on pollen viability, pollen germination, and pollen tube length. The study suggests incorporating inbred lines into future breeding programs to develop heat- tolerant sunflower hybrids. Additionally, the research revealed a strong and highly significant positive correlation between pollen germination and pollen tube length, emphasizing their importance in the study of pollen and reproduction. This is relevant to lab 5 as we looked closely at pollen grains, and the effect that temperature and humidity can have on them. We also looked closely at flowering plants and sunflowers fall under that category. (ii) Briefly summarize one procedure within the methods section of the chosen article described in (i) (1 mark) . Pollen grains were collected from one plant for each inbred line in every replication. To examine pollen germination, a germination medium was prepared by dissolving 15 g of sucrose, 0.03 g of calcium nitrate (at a concentration of 6x10^-3 M), and 0.01 g of boric acid (at a concentration of 2x10^-3 M) in 100 mL of deionized water. A small amount of this prepared medium was applied to glass slides containing the collected pollen grains. The slides were immediately covered and then placed in a petri dish on moist filter paper at room temperature for 2 hours. Subsequently, the slides were examined under a SWIFT M3300-D microscope. Pollen tubes were considered germinated when their length equaled or exceeded the diameter of the pollen grain. The percentage of pollen germination was then calculated.

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