ThompsonWeek5LabReport

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Chamberlain University College of Nursing *

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Biology

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Feb 20, 2024

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Tavia Thompson Week 5 Immune System Learning Objectives: Discuss the fundamental need for the immune system. Identify physical and chemical barriers against pathogenic invasion. Describe mechanisms of immune invasion by pathogens. Predict the outcome of scenarios of immune deficiency. Summarize the key features of innate and adaptive immune responses. Describe antigen-antibody interactions. Classify immune cell types by their role in responses. Define immunological memory and its importance. Introduction: Immunity refers to the body's ability to defend itself against disease and infection. Immunity can be categorized into two different forms: innate or adaptive. We will explore the 2 types of immunity. Have you ever wondered what infections look like from the pathogen’s perspective? If our immune systems are so amazing, why do we get sick at all? The immune system is a complex army of cells and tissues that work together to protect your body from infection. In this simulation, you’ll play the part of a pathogen and try to establish an infectious colony within a human body. You will come face to face with the major cells and organs of the immune system. As the immune system fights back, you will gain a unique perspective on how immune cells work to destroy incoming pathogens. By exploring data maps from pivotal moments in human history you will see how an individual’s immunological status contributes to the health of their community and the spread of disease worldwide. You’ll meet the key cells involved in immune memory and explore the role of immunization in protecting people from preventable diseases. You will undertake a series of challenges in preparation for an important global health investigation. Assignment: Part 1 Labster “Introduction to Immunology: Explore the immune system and save the world” As you complete the lab, have the lab report ready to record data. The theory section is a helpful resource. Part 2 Complete the lab report.
Tavia Thompson Immune System Lab Report 1. Describe components of the immune system by completing the following chart (see theory): (½ point each for total of 3.5 points) Description/Function Innate immunity forms the body's first and second line of defense against infection and inflammation reacts non-specifically does not provide any immunological memory. Adaptive immunity the body's ability to defend itself against invading pathogens reacts specifically IgG involved in a large part of antibody-based immunity against invading pathogens It can cross the placenta to the fetus. Function: Increases phagocytosis, neutralizes toxins, activates the complement system. IgM appears in the early stages of B-cell mediated immunity before there is sufficient IgG. Functions: Triggers the complement system, causes agglutination, and lysis of microbes. IgM also causes neutralization, precipitation, and enhances phagocytosis through complement activation. IgA found in secretions such as saliva, mucus and tears Functions: Provides localized protection against infection. IgE responsible for the allergic reactions, which can be the most powerful reactions. Functions: Triggers the complement system. It also binds to allergens and triggers histamine release from mast cells and basophils. Also protects against parasitic worms. Thymus Lobulated gland (has an outer cortex and inner
Tavia Thompson medulla) precursor T-cells develop, differentiate, and multiply, as well as gaining their antigen specificity and immune tolerance to the body’s own tissues. 2. What is the primary mode by which a macrophage engulfs pathogens? (1/2 point) Phagocytosis 3. What is a major functional difference between B cells and T cells? (½ point) B cells attack invaders outside of the cell, T cells attack infected cells 4. Pathogens have been mutating and sharing resistance genes for millions of years. As such they have developed some very effective methods to evade, subvert and destroy the immune response. Identify 2 methods of immune evasion. ( 1/2 point each for total of 1 point) Hemolysin production Antioxidant defense 5. Record the data from the samples: (½ point each box for total of 4 points) Antibody detected Sample 1 Sample 3 Sample 7 Sample 8 IgM - + - + IgG + + - - 6. Interpret the results of Samples 1, 3, 7, and 8 by completing the following chart. Consider the significance of the presence or absence of IgM and/or IgG. (½ point per box for total of 4 points) Evidence of current exposure/infection? (yes or no) Evidence of previous exposure only with no current infection? (yes or no) Sample 1 NO YES Sample 3 YES YES Sample 7 NO NO
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Tavia Thompson Sample 8 YES NO 7. Discuss the benefit of vaccinations. ( 1 1/2 points) Vaccinations are beneficial because they lessen the chances of a person contracting a life- threatening virus by allowing the body to produce antibodies against the virus. Grading Rubric for Lab Report Activity   Deliverable   Points   Part 1 Complete Labster 15 Part 2 Complete lab report 15 Total   Complete all lab activities   30

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