Kristin Bautista_pp_lab_report_arterial_996073

Laboratory Report LABORATORY REPORT Activity: Effect of Exercise on Arterial Pressure and Vascular Resistance Name: Kristin Bautista Instructor: Kim Shahi Date: 08.18.2023 Predictions 1. During exercise undefined 2. During exercise undefined 3. During exercise undefined Materials and Methods 1. Dependent Variable HR, SV, BP 2. Independent Variable level of activity 3. Controlled Variables gender, age 4. Identify one variable that was not controlled in this study (not dependent or independent variables; hint: think about possible differences between subjects). Other variables that was not in the controlled in this study is existing medical condition, such as hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes. 5. SVR was calculated using values for BP, CO, and HR. What instrument was used to measure each of the following? 1. Blood pressure Blood pressure monitor, a sphymanometer that measures BP. 2. Stroke volume MRI measures the EVD and ESV. 3. Heart rate Electrocardiography (ECG) is used to measure heart rate. Results Table 2: Effect of Exercise on Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure (SBP, SDP), Heart Rate (HR) and Stroke Volume (SV) Resting Values Immediately After exercise Systolic BP (mmHg) Diastolic BP (mmHg) HR (beats/min) SV (mL) Systolic BP (mmHg) Diastolic BP (mmHg) HR (beats/min) SV (mL) Subject 1 122 81 73 0.079 146 83 146 0.109 Subject 2 120 84 73 0.078 146 81 145 0.106 Subject 3 121 81 72 0.077 148 81 146 0.108 Averages 121 82 73 0.078 147 82 146 0.108 Laboratory Report/ Kristin Bautista/ Effect of Exercise on Arterial Pressure and Vascular Resistance/ Kim Shahi/ 08.18.2023/ Page [1] of [4]

Laboratory Report Resting and Early Post-Exercise SBP and DBP 0 30 60 90 120 150 1 Resting Values Exercising Values 1. SBP 0 20 40 60 80 100 1 Resting Values Exercising Values 1. DBP 1. Resting and exercising systolic BP - a. What was the average resting systolic BP? The average resting systolic BP is 121. b. What was the average exercising systolic BP? The average exercising systolic BP is 147. c. The range of normal resting systolic BP for the subjects in this experiment is 115-125 mmHg. Did systolic BP increase, decrease, or not change with exercise? Systolic BP Increased. 2. Resting and exercising diastolic BP - a. What was the average resting diastolic BP? The average resting diastolic BP is 82. b. What was the average exercising diastolic BP? The average exercising diastolic BP is 82. c. The range of normal resting diastolic BP for these patients was 75-85 mmHg. Did diastolic BP increase, decrease, or not change with exercise? The diastolic BP did not change. Table 3: Resting and Early Post-Exercising Mean Arterial Blood Pressure (MAP), Cardiac Output (CO), and Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR) Resting Values Immediately After exercise MAP (mmHg) CO (L/min) SVR (mmHg x min/L) MAP (mmHg) CO (L/min) SVR (mmHg x min/L) Subject 1 95 5.8 16.4 104 15.9 6.5 Subject 2 96 5.7 16.8 103 15.4 6.7 Subject 3 94 5.5 17.1 103 15.8 6.5 Averages 95 5.7 16.7 103 15.7 6.6 Laboratory Report/ Kristin Bautista/ Effect of Exercise on Arterial Pressure and Vascular Resistance/ Kim Shahi/ 08.18.2023/ Page [2] of [4]

Laboratory Report The CO increased with exercise. 5. Resting and Exercising SVR - a. What was the average resting SVR? The average SVR resting is 16.7. b. What was the average exercising SVR? The average SVR exercising is 6.6. c. The range of resting SVR for the subjects in this experiment is 10.2-12.03 mmHg per min/L. Did SVR increase, decrease, or not change with exercise? The SVR decreased with exercise. Discussion 1. Explain what caused the observed changes in systolic BP and MAP with exercise. When the heart contracts more because of an increase in sympathetic activity. The reason for the rise in systolic blood pressure (BP) and mean artery pressure (MAP) is a higher need for oxygen. Because the muscles needed more blood, the heart worked harder and faster to meet the higher demand. 2. Compare the resting and exercising systemic vascular resistance values and discuss what causes the observed change with exercise. When we work out, our bodies change the resistance in our blood vessels. Systemic vascular resistance goes up when we're at rest because our bodies want more air and energy. When you work out, the valves open up and let more blood through. This lowers the stiffness of the blood vessels throughout the body. Vasodilation in our busy skeletal muscles, which contributes to our metabolism, makes the blood vessels wider. This lets more oxygen and nutrients get to the muscles. 3. Explain how the change in MAP and SVR affected blood flow and why this is important. MAP measures heart cycle average artery blood pressure. The rest of the body increases MAP after leaving the heart. MAP uses systolic and diastolic blood pressures. MAP depends on SVR and cardiac output. When an artery shrinks or grows, SVR changes. And how the left ventricle empties and arterioles alter. Increased SVR reduces stroke volume, cardiac output, and ventricular compliance. Left ventricular pumping and output improve with lower SVR. 4. Restate your predictions that were correct and give data from your experiment that support them. Restate your predictions that were not correct and correct them with supporting data from your experiment. After exercising, I saw that my SVR decreased, which confirmed my belief that my blood flow would improve. My heart rate and stroke volume also went up, which meant that my prediction of an increase in CO was correct. I noticed that my systolic pressure went up, while my diastolic pressure stayed the same. This supports my belief that exercise would increase MAP. Application 1. Calcium channel blockers, a type of anti-hypertensive drug, block the entry of calcium into smooth muscle which causes smooth muscle to relax. Explain how this decreases blood pressure. Doctors prescribe calcium channel blockers for high blood pressure and other health conditions. Stopping calcium from entering heart and artery cells relaxes them and widens blood channels. This type of blocking helps the strength, rate, and speed of the heart, which is good for the heart's health and lowers the risk of serious health problems. 2. Explain why cutting an arterial vessel will cause a greater loss of blood over the same amount of time than cutting a venous vessel. When arteries are cut, the resistance decreases and blood flow increases. Arteries have higher pressure than veins, which causes blood to be forced out more quickly due to the greater internal force. The decreased pressure in veins will allow the blood to pass. Laboratory Report/ Kristin Bautista/ Effect of Exercise on Arterial Pressure and Vascular Resistance/ Kim Shahi/ 08.18.2023/ Page [4] of [4]