BBTHK Group Assignment 1_ Tsion, Hounine, Angie, Joseph, Abem
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School
Johns Hopkins University *
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Course
131
Subject
Astronomy
Date
Apr 3, 2024
Type
Pages
5
Uploaded by EarlMulePerson1035
Tsion Tessema, Hounine Jean, Angie Gonzales, Joseph Battistelli, Abem Fetene
1.
Very Small Star:
Low/Medium Mass Stars:
High Mass Stars:
High Mass Stars (V2):
2: The atoms in the observing region of space will be moving quickly and bumping into each
other.
3: The rising temperature makes the atoms excited, causing the atoms to move quickly and bump
into each other.
4: I would expect the temperature of the star to increase over time because that is what needs to
happen for a star to be created. To become a star, the protostar needs to reach a temperature of 10
million kelvin in order to qualify as a star. Because of this, the prototype’s temperature needs to
rise to reach the temperature threshold to be considered a star.
Mass of the Star (in
multiples of the Sun, M
Sun
)
Main Sequence Lifetime
of the Star
0.67 M
Sun
45 billion yrs
1 M
Sun
10 billion yrs
1.3 M
Sun
800 million yrs
2 M
Sun
500 million yrs
6 M
Sun
70 million yrs
60 M
Sun
800 thousands yrs
5. What type of stars live longer?
Stars of a lesser mass tend to live longer. In relation to the chart, it can be seen that the
star smaller in mass than the Sun lived billions of years longer than the stars larger in mass than
the Sun.
6. How do you think the nuclear fusion rate of a high-mass star compares to that of the low-mass
star? [You do not need to give a quantitative answer - just qualitative]
I think that the nuclear fusion rate of a high-mass star is significantly faster than the
nuclear fusion rate of a low-mass star. The increase in rate of nuclear fusion in a high-mass star
would help explain why it has a shorter lifespan than a low-mass star.
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7. The nuclear fusion rate of a star depends both on the temperature and the density of the star's
core. How would the temperature and density of the core for a high-mass star compare to that of
a low-mass star?
The density of a high-mass star is greater than the density of a low-mass star as mass and
density are directly proportional. Since we already know that high-mass stars have a shorter
lifespan than low-mass stars, it can also be deduced that the temperature of high-mass stars must
be higher than that of low-mass stars. The combination of both a higher temperature and a higher
density is why the nuclear fusion rate is higher in high-mass stars than low-mass stars.
8. A star with a mass the same as the Sun will… live six times longer than a star with a mass six
times the mass of the Sun. This is true because the more mass a star has, the brighter it burns,
and the shorter its lifespan becomes.
9. A star with twice the mass of the Sun will have a lifetime of approximately 5 billion years,
half the lifetime of the Sun. Its rate of nuclear fusion would be twice the rate of the Sun’s.
10.)
0.8 MSun - White dwarf
15 MSun - Neutron star
50 MSun - Black Hole
0.08 MSun (lowest mass star) - Main sequence
2 MSun - White dwarf
11.) List all of the intermediate-stage(s) (in between) for each of the following main sequence
stars:
0.8 MSun - planetary nebula
15 MSun - supernova
50 MSun - supernova
0.08 MSun (lowest mass star) - planetary nebula
2 MSun - planetary nebula
12.) In what type of star is the majority of each element (from the list below) produced?
Oxygen - Red giant
Carbon - Red giant
Silver - Supernova
Helium - Main Sequence
Lead - Supernova