Cultural Considerations, Issues, and Trends

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Jan 9, 2024

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Cultural Considerations, Issues, and Trends Elena Rodriguez College Name, Grand Canyon University CNL-509-0501: Counseling the Culturally Diverse Dr. Shoshanah Yehudah August 2, 2023 1

Cultural Considerations, Issues, and Trends America is a country that is culturally diverse. We see individuals from all over the world. Mexico, China, Iran, Dominican Republic, and so much more. It is important that as future counselors we learn and understand these different cultures in order to create a positive treatment plan for the individuals we will be helping along the years of our careers. Some of the considerations, issues, and trends we might encounter along the way could be immigrants (& undocumented), refuges, a language barrier, etc. Cultural Considerations Immigrants Documented & Undocumented The population of documented and undocumented immigrants has grown throughout the years. thirty percent of young adults between the ages of 18 and 34 are first- or second- generation immigrants, and by 2020, one in three children below the age of 18 will be the child of an immigrant (Suárez-Orozco et al., 2013). When immigrant come to America, the bring trauma, stress, and sometimes are coming alone without family, so they feel lonely and distrustful in the environment they are coming to. While adopting American ways, immigrant adults may continue to participate in their heritage culture and have friendships with others from the same country with whom they can share interests and values, consume ethnic foods, and read and view native-language print and electronic media (Suárez-Orozco et al., 2013). It may take time for these individuals to adjust to a new country, a new language, and a completely new way of living to what they are used to. It is then important that as counselors we understand the trauma they are experiencing, by that as counselors we can properly evaluate and provide a proper treatment plan to deal with the root of the problem. Refugees 2

Refugees and asylum seekers have unique and complex needs related to their experiences of forced displacement and resettlement (Lau & Rodgers, 2021). While for whatever the reason may be as to why they are forced to leave their country, they may experience trauma during the process. refugees and asylum seekers often share common experiences, including trauma, torture, the loss or separation of family members, the hardships of flight, as well as stigma, discrimination, social isolation, financial insecurity, and protracted asylum determination processes (Lau & Rodgers, 2021). So, with that these refugees go through traumas that affects them not only mentally, but sometimes physically and emotionally as they could have gone through sexual traumas, anxiety, and or depression. Cultural Issues and Trends The Hmong in California Hmong community members residing in Sacramento, Fresno, and Merced. Their voices provide first-hand descriptions of the needs of this community and their struggles and accomplishments as members of a community excluded from full participation in society (Elliot eta al., 2009). It is said that Hmong refugees began to arrive to the states in 1975, during the Vietnam War (Elliot et al., 2009), there are statements that Hmong individuals provided reasons on why they had to move to the states like communists killing individuals of their families and much more. These individuals have suffered adjusting to a new country and the many differences of living they had to leave behind. Something that affected their mental health and still does is the individuals that are in poverty, suffering from obtaining jobs making it difficult to have any basic needs which causes stress and anxiety in their day to day lives. Cuban Americans in Florida 3

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Cuban immigration can be delineated across several distinct waves, which were characterized by their great demographic diversity. The first waves, which arrived immediately following the Cuban Revolution in 1959 and continued until the 1970s, brought the Cuban elites and Batista sympathizers fleeing from the Communist regime put in place by Fidel Castro (Mallet, 2014). An issue that can be seen in Cuban American clients, is that males are more reluctant to getting help because of an elaboration of masculinity. In many instances they will not tell anyone in the household what they are going through and keep it to themselves making depression active in their day to day lives. Something important, as counselors we need to get to know the individual, their culture, socioeconomics, and educational status. It is said that Cuban Americans have high educational levels. By gathering the proper information as counselors, we can provide the best possible treatments. Hispanic Americans in the Southwest Hispanics are known as the rapidly growing individuals in the United States. The 1980 U.S. Census enumerated 14.6 million persons of Spanish origin, and this figure undoubtedly excludes large numbers of undocumented immigrants (Markides et al., 1986). Issues that Hispanics face are language barriers and stigma in counseling. Many individuals from the Hispanic community do not seek help unless it on the verge of seeing a psychiatrist. Trends that Hispanics have are high divorce and poverty rates. While many do not seek help, others do as well, it is important that as counselors we bring awareness into the community to get more individuals that are searching for help, but because of stigmas refuse to. Kurdish Americans in Tennessee The first Kurdish refugees settled in Nashville thanks to the help of the Catholic Charities of Tennessee. These Kurds came to the United States in 1976, after Saddam Hussein sought 4

revenge on an attempted Kurdish rebellion in Iraq (Asitha, 2015). Kurdish individuals exhibit high rates of PTSD, anxiety, depression, and psychological distress, but are less likely to receive care than the general population (Branam et al., 2023). These individuals also experience language barriers and getting accustomed to maintaining their customs and traditions within the Tennessee community. For Kurdish Americans it has been more difficult to accustomed new communities as there are stigmas against these individuals as many fear being around Kurdish individuals because of biased situations and them having cultural connection with a country like Iran. It is important to bring awareness as these biases not only affect adults but young individuals of the Kurdish community as well. 5

References Asitha. (2015, June 22). Nashville’s growing community of Kurdish Americans . The Kurdish Project. https://thekurdishproject.org/nashville-growing-community-of-kurdish-americans/ Branam, L. S., Yigit, I., Haji, S., Clark, J., & Perkins, J. M. (2023). Kurdish Refugee Beliefs about Mental Health and Help-Seeking: A Community-Engaged Research Study in Tennessee. International journal of environmental research and public health , 20 (2), 1224. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021224 Culpepper, L., Currier, M. B., & Diaz, M. (2004). The Cuban American with Depression in Primary Care. Primary care companion to the Journal of clinical psychiatry , 6 (5), 213–216. https://doi.org/10.4088/pcc.v06n0506 Elliot, K., Sribney, W. M., Giordano, C., Deeb-Sossa, N., Sala, M., & Aguilar-Gaxiola, S. (2009). G D S SS - UC davis health . Building Partnerships: Conversations with the Hmong about Mental Health Needs and Community Strengths. https://health.ucdavis.edu/media- resources/crhd/documents/pdfs/building-partnerships-06-hmong.pdf Lau, L. S., & Rodgers, G. (2021). Cultural Competence in Refugee Service Settings: A Scoping Review. Health equity , 5 (1), 124–134. https://doi.org/10.1089/heq.2020.0094 Mallat, M. L. (2014). Cuban-American as culturally different clients . Cuban-American as culturally different clients - scholars at Harvard. https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/marielauremallet/files/mallet_-_cuban_american_sage.pdf 6

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Markides, K. S., & Coreil, J. (1986). The health of Hispanics in the southwestern United States: an epidemiologic paradox. Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) , 101 (3), 253– 265. Morales, L. S., Lara, M., Kington, R. S., Valdez, R. O., & Escarce, J. J. (2002). Socioeconomic, cultural, and behavioral factors affecting Hispanic health outcomes. Journal of health care for the poor and underserved , 13 (4), 477–503. https://doi.org/10.1177/104920802237532 Suárez-Orozco, C., Birman, D., Casa, J. M., Nakamura, N., Tummala-Narra, P., & Zárate, M. (2013). Based on crossroads: The psychology of immigration in the New Century . Working With immigrant-origin Clients An Update for Mental Health Professionals . https://www.apa.org/topics/immigration-refugees/report-professionals.pdf 7

Cultural Considerations, Issues, and Trends

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