Copy of Copy of Unit 3 Study Guide

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Name: Jonathan Howie Unit 3 – Forensic Anthropology and Odontology Study Guide Complete the following statements by filling in the missing term . 1) Bone is connective tissue. Osteoblasts are bone building cells. Osteoclasts are cells that break down bone and release minerals into the blood stream. 2) These teeth, incisors, are the first to erupt in a child’s mouth around 6-8 months old. Your incisor teeth are usually used for tearing of food. Our premolars and molars can be used to grind up our food. premolars teeth are usually the last teeth to erupt (around 17 years old) and they are a type of molar. 3) The diaphysis is the long region of the bone comprised mostly of compact bone. The epiphyses are the shorter ends of the bone comprised most of spongy bone. 4) The femur is the largest bone in the body. We use it most often to help calculate the height of a person. 5) The pelvis and skull are good bones to use when trying to determine the gender of an individual. Answer the following questions. 6) A pelvic girdle was found recently in a shallow grave. The subpubic angle is approximately 93 o . The pelvis appeared narrow and deep. The pelvic inlet looked like a “heart” shape. Based on this info, what was the gender of the individual? Male 7) The mandible and partial skull were found on an archeological dig in the Appalachian Mountains. The mandible had all teeth except the very last molars. The chin was slighted rounded, the mastoid process was small, and the skulls was smooth to the touch. Based on these findings, what gender was this ancient individual and what age were they when they died? How do you know? Female under the age of 17 8) Looking at the following diagram – Draw arrows and label the 4 types of teeth. 9) Indicate the dentition for….. a. >17 year old with wisdom teeth 2:1:2:3 b. 2 year old 2:1:2 c. 6 year old 2:1:2:1 d. 12 year old

2:1:2:2 10) The following bone was found floating down a river. The police want to see if this bone could potentially match the description of a missing african american female. If the missing person is about 5 ft 6 in, could this bone come from her skeleton? The bone found was a ________________________. Show your work below! I------------------------42cm----------------------------------I 11) What gender are the following pelvic bones from? How did you know? Gender: Female Gender: Male Why? round shape means female Why? sharper or triangular shape means male. 12) Circle the appropriate answers describing a MALE skull. 13) What gender is this skull? Why? Female because of the round chin. 14) Draw and label a cross section of a long bone. Labels should include compact bone, spongy bone, red marrow, yellow marrow, epiphysis, and diaphysis. a) Rounded Chin or Squared Chin b) Bulging Forehead or Sloping Forehead c) Visible Brow Ridge or Slight Brow Ridge d) Rounded Eye Orbital or Square Eye Orbital e) Rugged Texture or Smooth Texture f) Small Mastoid Process or Large Mastoid Process

15) What are three ways to tell the difference between human and non-human bones? Area of muscle attachment, density, and measurements 16) Match the force that causes a bone fracture/break with its correct description. a) Bending b) Compression c) Shearing d) Tension e) Torsion C One part of the bone is stabilized while the bone is bent: stopping, falling, dismembered _______ with a saw D The bone is pulled along the long axis; most often in accidents, often a dislocation and _______ not a break B The force pushes on the bone; numerous fracture lines; often on the skull A Impacts the bone at a right angle; most common; usually a defensive injury E Twisting force; one end is held while the bone is twisted; accidents and child abuse 17) The hyroid bone is a fee-floating c-shaped structure made up of three bones that covers the voice box in the neck. This bone is fractured most often in strangulation cases. 18) Using the box on the right, sketch an ossification diagram of a person who has all of their bones fused except for their clavicle and hip. Approximately, how old is this person? Early-mid 20s 19) Identify the bone breaks shown below by labeling them underneath the fracture. 20) Name four cranial sutures and indicate their fusion age range. If a person had all the sutures completely fused EXCEPT their coronal suture which was 90% closed, what is their approximate age? Coronal suture: 20-30 years old Sagittal suture: Late teens to early twenties Lambdoid suture: Late teens to early twenties Squamous suture: Late teens to early twenties Late 20s - early 30s

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21) Complete the table. Be sure to show your work! Type of Bone Length (cm) Race Sex (M or F) Calculated Height (cm AND ft/in) Humerus 36.4 Caucasian M 108.248 cm Femur 41.7 African-Amer. F 158.884 cm Ulna 22.4 Caucasian M 140.304 cm

Copy of Copy of Unit 3 Study Guide

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