Cultural Anthropology Week 1

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Anthropology

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Oct 30, 2023

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Cultural Anthropology Dr. Solomon Caudle
Cultural Anthropology Anthropology And Human Diversity
Week 1 – Class 1
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Introductions and Course Overview Instructor Student Introduction – Name – Where do you live – Where are you in your educational process Review of Syllabus
Course Management 1. Communication is vital: I can be contacted at (973) 570 8907 and caudle@gmail.com for personal consultation 2. Absences and Lateness are disruptive to your own process, my process as an instructor and your peer’s process in learning and will be reflected in your grade. 3. My teaching style is motivation and I am extremely student centered but my objective is for you to learn – that means I expect the best from myself and you. 4. Class participation is vital – but requires respect for me as the instructor, your peers and yourself – monitor your own behavior. 5. The summer session is condensed and require you to stay current on readings and assignments. It is your responsible to communicate with me any challenges you are having.
There will be slides that cover the material – but the weekly assigned readings will be provided each Monday. There will several quizzes/exams There will be one presentation (midterm) There will be 2 written assignments (reaction) There will be 1 final paper (final)
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Week 1 – Class 2 What is Cultural Anthropology
What is Anthropology Anthropology is the study of humans, past and present. To understand the full sweep and complexity of cultures across all of human history, anthropology draws and builds upon knowledge from the social and biological sciences as well as the humanities and physical sciences. A central concern of anthropologists is the application of knowledge to the solution of human problems. Historically, anthropologists in the United States have been trained in one of four areas: sociocultural anthropology, biological/physical anthropology, archaeology, and linguistics. Anthropologists often integrate the perspectives of several of these areas into their research, teaching, and professional lives (applied anthropology)
Goals of Anthropology Describe, analyze and explain different cultures. Show how groups adapted to their environments and gave meaning to their lives. Comprehend the entire human experience.
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An Anthropological Perspective Holistic, comparative, field based, and evolutionary Anthropologists draw on the findings of many different disciplines that study human beings (human biology, economic, religion, etc) Generalizations about human behavior should draw on as wide a range of human groups as possible
Holistic Anthropologist study specific groups of people with the goal to produce a holistic portrait of that people’s way of life by bringing together information about many different facets of their lives – social – religious – economic – political- linguistic and so forth in order to understand a nuanced context for understanding who they are and why they do what they do
Comparative Anthropologist learned that the patterns of life common in their own societies were not necessarily followed in other societies. Anthropologist consider similarities and differences in a wide range of human societies.
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Evolutionary Major branch of anthropology is concerned with the study of biological evolution of the human species over time, including the study of human origins and genetic variety and inheritance in living human populations. Some anthropologist have also been interested in cultural evolution, looking for patterns of orderly change over time in socially acquired behavior that is not carried in the genes
The Subfields of Anthropology Areas of Specialization Biological Anthropology Cultural Anthropology Linguistic Anthropology Archaeology
Biological Anthropology Looks at human beings at biological organisms Interested in how human beings are different from other organisms. Three main types of biological anthropologist – Primatologist – compare humans to closest other organism (chimpanzee and gorillas) – Paleoanthropologist – study bones and teeth of earlier ancestors – Forensic – Use knowledge of human anatomy to aid law enforcement and human rights investigators
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Archaeology Study of past cultures through their material remains. Prehistoric societies are those with no usable written records. – Artifact - A material remain of a past culture. • Archaeologists interpret artifact’s function by precise position in which it was found. – Features are artifacts that cannot easily be moved, such as ruins of buildings, burials, and fire pits.
Linguistic anthropology Concerned with the study of human language – First to transcribe non-western languages and produce grammars and dictionaries of those languages. Attempt to understand language in the broader, cultural, historical or biological contexts that make it possible.
Cultural Anthropology Sometimes called social anthropology Investigates how variations in the belief and behaviors of members of different human groups is shaped by culture (sets of learned behaviors and ideas that human beings acquire as members of society Many different areas studied specialized domains of human cultural activity – Economic, political and spiritual – Language, art, music, ritual, religion, et al.
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Cultural Anthropology The study of human behavior that is learned rather than genetically transmitted, and that is typical of groups of people. Society is the set of social relationships among people within a given geographical area. Culture is the learned behaviors and symbols that allow people to live in groups.
Examples of Cultural Anthropology Political and legal anthropology - concerned with issues of nationalism, citizenship, the state, colonialism, and globalism. Humanistic anthropology - focused on the personal, ethical, and political choices facing humans. Visual anthropology - the study of visual representation and the media.
Applied Anthropology Using methods and findings of all other types of anthropology to address contemporary problems. Analyze social, political and economic problems and develop solutions . For Example: Cultural anthropologists have been instrumental in promoting the welfare of tribal and indigenous peoples. Indigenous People are groups of people who have occupied a region for a long time and are recognized by other groups as original (or very ancient) inhabitants. – They are often minorities with little influence in the government of the nation-state that controls their land.
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Applied Anthropology Using methods and findings of all other types of anthropology to address contemporary problems. For Example: May use a particular groups ideas about illness and health to introduce new public health practices Others apply knowledge from traditional organizations to east the problem of refugees trying to settle in a new land and western methods of cultivation to help farmers increase their crop yields.
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Week 1 – Class 3 Cultural Anthropology Methods
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Is Anthropology Science Early anthropologist viewed anthropology as science: 1. The study of the world through the five senses; 2. Believed a rational mind could derive universal, objective truth about the world from material evidence 3. A single scientific method could be applied to any dimension of reality – for the movement of the planets to human sexual behavior
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Ethnocentrism: is the term anthropologists use to describe the opinion that one's own way of life is natural or correct. Some would simply call it cultural ignorance Cultural Relativism: Is the idea that people from different cultures can have relationships that acknowledge, respect and begin to understand each others diverse lives. People with different backgrounds can help each other see possibilities that they never thought were there because of limitations, or cultural proscriptions, posed by their own traditions.
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Ethnography: comes from these two Greek words:"Ethnos", meaning people & "Graphein", meaning writing. Wolcott (1999) defines ethnography is a description of “the customary social behaviors of an identifiable group of people”. Ethnography is often referred to as "culture writing,” a genre of writing using detailed first-hand written descriptions of a culture based on first-hand research in the field. Ethnology is the comparative study of two or more cultures. Ethnology utilizes the data taken from ethnographic research and applies it to a single cross cultural topic. The ethnographic approach can be used to identify and attempt to explain cross cultural variation in cultural elements such as marriage, religion, subsistence practices, political organization, and parenting, just to name a few.
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Question Some of the negative aspects of ethnocentrism is its predisposes bias assumptions and Some positive aspects of the tendency for members of societies to be ethnocentric would include which one of the following? a) Ethnocentrism often supports existing social inequality, especially in multicultural societies. b) Ethnocentrism may reinforce group solidarity and helps perpetuate cultural values. c) Ethnocentrism is often associated with racism. d) Ethnocentrism in technologically advanced societies reinforces people's ideas about their own superiority and often, military strength.
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Assignment 1 – Due Tuesday, May 13 View the eight-minute video from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Anthropology Department titled "Doing Anthropology: Thoughts on Fieldwork from Three Research Sites" ( http://techtv.mit.edu/videos/315-doing-anthropology/ ). 1. How does the work that you see in this video influence your understanding of the nature of ethnographic fieldwork and relevancy of cultural anthropology to your life? 1. Having seen how these three projects took shape and the kinds of questions that the ethnographers asked to learn about the subjects of interest to them, think about what is happening in your community that interests you. Write a couple of paragraphs about the project that you would do if you were going to do an ethnography nearby. Who would you want to work with? Why? Minimal 500 words. Cover sheet. Double Space. Answer both questions.
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