animal

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Harvard University *

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100

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Anthropology

Date

Oct 30, 2023

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Animal Science Terminology (Objective3.00: Remember terminology relevant to animal agriculture) I CAN: ______________________________________________________. I WILL: ______________________________________________________. Physical Characteristics Used to Distinguish Identify Animals A. ____________- generally more muscular overall. Typically larger in stature and grow faster than females. Often exhibit extra muscle in the neck area. B. _____________________- slower growing and have less muscle overall than the intact male. Look for evidence of male genitalia such as a sheath to distinguish from females. C. ___________________- larger body structure than immature females. Mammary glands more evident even when the animal is not lactating. D. ___________________- smaller stature than mature female. Examine genitalia to distinguish from young male animals.

Species Uncastrated Male Immature Castrated Male Immature Female Mature Female Newborn Cattle Bull Swine Barrow Poultry Pullet Turkey Hen Supplemental Animal Terminology Sheep Lamb Goat Doe Dog Neutered Cat Tomcat

Breeds of Livestock Animals A. Breeds are categorized by their phenotypic traits: 1. _______________________________ 2. Frame and size-heavy versus light boned, tall versus short, long body versus short body, etc. 3. ___________________- amount of muscle overall as well as more muscle in a particular section of the animal such as the hindquarter. 4. _____________________- extra skin to improve heat tolerance and insect resistance Beef Breeds Angus – Black – ________________________________________ – ________________________________________ – It is the most “registered” purebred – ________________________________________ Hereford – Red and White face – _________________________________________ – ________________________________________ – ________________________________________ – ________________________________________

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Charolais – ________________________________________ – Naturally Horned •Breeding-up has created polled animals – ________________________________________ – ________________________________________ Brahman – ________________________________________ – ________________________________________ – ________________________________________ – ________________________________________ – ________________________________________ – ________________________________________ Simmental • ________________________________________ • ________________________________________ • ________________________________________ Other Beef Breeds • ________________________________________ • ________________________________________ • ________________________________________ • ________________________________________ • ________________________________________ • ________________________________________

Dairy Breeds Holstein • ________________________________________________ • ________________________________________________ • Leading producer of milk • ________________________________________________ Jersey • ________________________________________ • ________________________________________ • Number one in milk fat Others Dairy Breeds Include • ________________________________________ • ________________________________________ • ________________________________________ Identifying Swine Breeds American Landrace • ____________________________________________ • ____________________________________________ • ________________________________ ears

Duroc • ___________________________________________________ • ___________________________________________________ • ___________________________________________________ • Excellent feed conversion Hampshire • Black with a white belt • ___________________________________________________ • ___________________________________________________ • ___________________________________________________ Yorkshire • ___________________________________________________ • ___________________________________________________ • ___________________________________________________ • ___________________________________________________ • Excellent growth and mothering ability • ___________________________________________________ Other Swine Breeds Include • ___________________________________________________ • ___________________________________________________ • ___________________________________________________ • ___________________________________________________ • ___________________________________________________ • ___________________________________________________

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Identifying Breeds of Poultry No Breed _______________________ for poultry unlike other farm animals. Breeds, Varieties, Types & Classes • Breed- _____________________________________________ • Type- ______________________________________________ • Classes- ____________________________________________ Egg Producers Layers- _________________________________________________ White egg producers- ______________________________________ White Leghorns- ________________________ Brown egg producers- ___________________________________ –Rhode Island Reds- _________________________ –New Hampshire- red plumage –Plymouth Rocks- __________________________ Meat Producers • Chickens used for meat production are called ________________ • Birds used for __________________ are usually commercial crosses –Example: White Plymouth Rock females mated to Cornish (English class) males

Turkeys Broad Breasted White • White plumage • Shanks, feet, and beak is white to pink • _______________________________________ ! ___________________ the value of the carcass • Can survive better in ___________________ climates • Good body confirmation but ____________________________ Broad Breasted Bronze • __________________________________________________ • __________________________________________________ • __________________________________________________ • Poor fertility and ____________________________ problems – ______________________________________________ Beltsville Small Whites • Developed by __________________________ • __________________________________________________ • Averages __________________________________________