Exam 2 Review Guide

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University of California, Davis *

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010

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Anthropology

Date

Oct 30, 2023

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pdf

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Exam 2 Review Guide Insect Behavior: 1. Understand the differences between innate behaviors and learned behaviors, and be able to recognize examples of each 2. Be able to provide examples of how insect morphology/physiology is related to behavior 3. Understand the role of pheromones in insect communication Insect Ecology: 1. Know the definition and one insect example of the following direct interactions: predation, competition, commensalism, mutualism, and parasitism 2. Define, and compare and contrast monophagous vs polyphagous feeding strategies, understand how plants can defend themselves from herbivores 3. Know what an ecological niche is and the difference between the fundamental niche and realized niche 4. Be able to define succession, and know the difference between primary and secondary succession. Social Insects: 1. Understand the different levels of sociality in insects, including solitary, sub-social, communal, semi-social, and eusocial 2. Know the three characteristics that make a species eusocial 3. Be able to provide examples of how eusocial insects partition tasks, communicate, and defend their colonies 4. Be able to list and describe some benefits and drawbacks of living in social groups Pollination Ecology: 1. Know the characteristics of 3 pollination syndromes you learned about in class and the problems with using these syndromes as classifiers 2. Know examples of coevolutionary relationships between pollinator and flower 3. Understand what buzz pollination is and what insect performs this task Insects and Climate Change BIg Ideas: 1. Insects are ectotherms and are therefore very susceptible to temperature changes. 1. Individual level: increase metabolic rate, temperature-size rule 2. Population level: track changes in temperature by moving poleward or upward 3. Community level: warming climate will induce mismatches between interacting species 2. California is experiencing (a) higher than average temperatures, (b) more fire weather, (c) more extreme weather events , and (d) a longer growing season/shorter winter.

3. As temperatures increase, pest insects are projected to cause increasingly severe crop losses for myriad reasons including expansion of their geographic range and increased overwintering survival. Insect-vectored Nematodes: 1. Know the correct spelling of the genus names of the three filarial nematodes and the symbiotic bacteria discussed in class. 2. Know the characteristics of filarial nematodes as well as what makes the microfilaria life stage so unusual and interesting. 3. For each of the three filarial nematode species discussed in class, know the vector that transmits the nematode, the name of the disease caused by the nematode, and the major symptoms of each disease. Invasive Insects: 1. Understand invasive biology 2. Know how invasive species disperse, establish, and spread 3. Understand how invasive insects are monitored and managed Forest Entomology: 1. Know the ecological roles filled by forest insects including feeding strategies, along with the strategy used by bark beetles to overcome tree defenses and their feeding strategy. 2. Know indirect and direct management strategies we can use to manage bark beetles, understand the difference between indirect and direct management strategies 3. Know several predispositions (at least three) to bark beetle outbreak s and the thresholds leading to an outbreak.

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