Lab 8
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School
The University of Tennessee, Knoxville *
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Course
221
Subject
Aerospace Engineering
Date
Dec 6, 2023
Type
docx
Pages
5
Uploaded by MegaSnowSeaUrchin43
Name:
Kendall Widdel
E-mail address:
kwiddel@vols.utk.edu
Laboratory 8 Report
The purpose of this experiment is to understand the
difference between flow speed when density, friction,
diameters, and pressure are all taken into account.
Exploration 1
density
pipe
diameter
(m)
flow
speed
(m/s)
pressure
(kPa)
flow rate
Q = vA
m
3
/s)
case 1
water
2
1.6
127.537
0.025
case 2
water
3
0.7
139.575
0.015
case 3
water
4
0.4
128.724
0.012
case 4
gasoline
4
0.4
128.344
0.0125
honey
4
0.4
156.136
0.0102
Insert your table into your log. Answer the following question.
Do your measurements yield the same volume flow rate for all
cases?
They change for each case as the diameter changes, and the flow
speed differs, and the pressure is all different.
For a given flow rate, how does the flow speed change as the
pipe diameter changes?
As the pipe diameter changes the flow speed decreases.
For a given flow rate, how does the pressure at the bottom of
the pipe change as the pipe diameter changes?
As the diameter of the pipe increases, the pressure of the pipe
increases.
For a given flow rate and pipe diameter, how does the pressure
change as the fluid density changes?
As the pressure increases, the fluid density decreases.
Describe the profile of the flow. Is it the same for all cases?
The flow is very slow while the diameter changes, and the dots are
more congested when there is less area
density
pipe
diameter
(m)
flow
speed
(m/s)
pressure
(kPa)
flow rate
Q = vA
(m
3
/s)
location 1
water
4
0.4
121.079
0.013
location 2
water
2
1.6
124.149
0.026
Did you verify the equation of continuity?
Yes
At which location do you measure the higher pressure? What
is the pressure difference in kPa?
The pressure was higher in the smaller diameter of the pipe. The
pressure difference between the two locations is 3.07kPa
What is the speed of the liquid in the middle of the pipe in m/s?
0.6m/s
Describe the the profile of the flow. Compare it to the profile
without friction.
The balls towards the center of the pipe or moving at a faster speed
then the ones towards the edges of the pipe
Comment on the effects of friction (viscosity).
Friction is slowing the balls down, it is not reaching the center
because that is just flowing water, but it is having an effect on the
balls after a long period of time
Exploration 2
Keeping everything else the same, does the flow speed of the
water depend upon the height of water level in the tank?
Justify your answer by giving the numbers for the flow speed
for two different water levels.
Yes the flow speed of the water foes depend upon the height of
water level in the tank. When the water is full and the flow begins
the flow speed starts at 14.3m/s but when there is about ¼ water
left the flow speed is around 10.2m/s
Keeping everything else the same, does the speed of the flow
of the water depend upon the height of the tank?
Justify your answer by giving the numbers for the flow speed
for two different tank heights.
The speed of the flow of the water does not depend upon the height
of the tank. The speed stays constant with the data I gave in the
question above. When I raise the tank as high as it will go, and the
tank is full, the flow speed is 14.3m/s. And when I lower the tank as
low as it will go, and the tank is still full the flow speed is still
14.3m/s
Does the speed of the flow depend upon the fluid density?
Justify your answer by describing how you checked this?.
No, the speed of the flow does not depend upon the fluid density
because when I changed the fluid from water to gasoline, and to
honey, the speed flow stayed the same
What happens to the stream of fluid after it leaves the tank?
The speed flow increases once it leavess the tank as it is making a
more downwards angle
How far (horizontally) will a stream of water travel if it exits the
water tower at 14 m/s, 10 m above the ground?
(Click "Match Release", open the hole in the bottom of the
tank, and then click "Fill". Use the yellow handle to move the
tank vertically.)
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When the tank is 10m above ground, and the speed is 14 m/s the
water will travel 20.19m before it hits the ground
Is increasing blood pressure 5 - 10 times higher a viable
option? What percentage increase in blood pressure is
reasonable? Explain!
Increasing the blood pressure is not a viable option because the
normal range for blood pressure 120/80 and to increasing 5-10
times is a short term change and not something that would occur
for long periods of time
Is decreasing the length of your blood vessels a viable option?
Explain!
Decreasing the length of your blood vessel is also nto a viable option
as this is structurally not an option
The arterioles (small arteries) are surrounded by circular
muscles.
In order to increase the blood flow rate by a factor of 5, what
percentage increase in the radius of a blood vessel is needed?
(This is called vasodilatation.)
In order for this work, the blood vessels would need to increase by at
least 79%
Arteries in the human body can be constricted when plaque
builds up on the inside walls. How does this affect the blood
flow rate through this artery? Is it possible for the body to
keep the flow rate constant? Explain!
This is an example of friction as we saw in the PHET lab. Is it still
possible to keep the flow rate constant as it was possible for the
PHET lab to do, as there is still area within the inside for the blood
cells to travel through
The table below lists typical viscosities of some viscous fluids
at room temperature. Does your value for the viscosity of the
shampoo seem reasonable? Discuss.
The viscosity of shampoo seems to reasonable as it was 35 and that
sits in the range of ketchup and molasses which makes sense when
thinking about the two things consistencies
Predict the terminal velocity of a sphere made of the same
material but with diameter of 3/8 inch in the same fluid.
The terminal velocity of the sphere would be 27 Pa-s
Reflection
Overall I believe that this lab was pretty simple and self
explanatory. I enjoyed using the PHET lab as I was able to visualize
what happens at each different state, like seeing the pressure when
the diameter of the tube is bigger or smaller. I struggled with the
last two parts and their calculations but doing the experiment on
PHET and then being able to connect it to something in real life, like
the blood vessels helped it make more sense when trying to
understand the experiment.