M3.1 Laboratory Report 3 Worksheet ANSWERS (1)
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Feb 20, 2024
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M3.1 Laboratory Report 3 Worksheet
PhET Simulation: Projectile Motion
Instructions
You should download this page and complete all your work directly on the MS Word worksheet using MSWord, following the M3.1 Laboratory Report 3 Instructions.
Submit your completed Word document to the M3.1 Laboratory Report 3 dropbox. See the Schedule and Course Rubrics in the Syllabus Module for due dates and grading information.
Pre-Lab Activities:
1.
Open the simulation using the link to PhET Interactive Simulations at the University of Colorado Boulder:
https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/projectile-motion/latest/projectile-
motion_en.html
2.
Explore the four options available in the simulator and everything you can change within the toolboxes in the right side of your screen, and the slider for initial speed at the bottom left. 3.
Learn how to use the tool measuring the height, time in flight and the horizontal displacement and the measuring tape (dragged from the box in the middle of your screen in the sample screenshot below).
4.
Learn how to change the angle of the cannon and the height of the platform the cannon is placed on.
5.
Select the options Vectors and Lab to complete the activities in your investigation.
Introduction
– You will use a computer simulation today to investigate what projectile motion is.
Projectile Motion refers to the motion of an object that is shot through the air. Think an arrow shot from a crossbow or a cannonball shot from a cannon. This motion depends on many factors
and with this simulation you will be examining those factors.
Part I: Lab Option
1.
Open the Lab option in your simulator. 2.
Increase the height of the platform where the cannon is placed to 8 m. 3.
From the drop-down menu choose Pumpkin and set the angle to 0-degree loft. 4.
Set the initial speed to 2 m/s and shoot the Pumpkin.
5.
Use the crosshairs marked with time range and height to mark the last dot of the flight.
6.
Fill in the table below with the values.
7.
Next, set the initial speed to 4 m/s, without changing the height or the angle, and repeat steps 5-6.
8.
Keep changing the initial speed by increment of 2 m/s until you obtain 10 measurements, extend, and fill in the table shown below.
Initial Speed
Time
Range Height
2 m/s
1.28s
2.55m 0m
4 m/s
1.28s
5.11m
0m
6 m/s
1.28s
7.66m
0m
8 m/s
1.28s
10.22m
0m
10 m/s
1.28s
12.77m
0m
9.
What do these values tell you?
You may get an estimate of the gravitational force using these values. Range is increased by increasing velocity. Horizontal distance/range is directly correlated with initial velocity.
10. Change to a different projectile like a car and repeat the same steps (1-8). What the results do tell you? That velocity matters a lot for any type of projectile
Part II: Vectors
Initial setup and explanation
You’ll see a cannon on the left of your screen. To fire the cannon, click the red button at
the bottom of the screen. To reset the cannon, click the yellow “erase” button at the bottom of the screen. You can change the angle of the cannon, and adjust its initial speed. Initial setup and investigating gravitational acceleration
1.
Uncheck the “air resistance box”. Set the following: diameter = 0.8 m, mass 5 kg, initial speed = 12 m/s and the cannon angle = 45º. Click the “slow” button at the bottom to watch the simulation more carefully.
2.
Click the box that says “acceleration vectors”
3.
Fire the cannon. You will see the cannonball leave the cannon, with an acceleration vector.
4.
Notice and record your answer for the questions: What is the direction of the vector? and What does this vector represent? The acceleration
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5.
What do you observe about the length of the vector throughout its flight? Remains the sme
6.
What does this tell you about the direction and magnitude
of the acceleration acting on the cannonball throughout its duration of flight? Downward accerleration is acting on the cannonball.
7.
What do you predict will happen to the acceleration vector if we change the angle
of the cannon? Why do you think that? The vector stayed the same and I believe the gravity of the cannon bll will have a downward acceleration.
8.
Change the angle of the cannon to 65º. Fire the cannon at this new angle. Keep
everything else the same. (Remember, click on the “slow” button to slow the simulation down)
9.
What did you notice about the acceleration vector at this new angle? Stayed the
same
10.What was different about the vector (if anything) compared to the 45º angle. Move the cannon back to 45º if you need to check or verify nothing was different
11.Was your prediction correct about the acceleration vector at this new angle? yes
12.Summary: What have you discovered about the acceleration due to gravity of an
object in flight with regards to the angle of launch?
The acceleration vector stayed the same.
Note: Include the answers to the investigation questions and your Summary in your conclusion when completing your laboratory report. Support your statements with screenshots from the simulator.
Initial setup and investigating velocity
1.
Click the yellow erase button and unclick the acceleration vectors box. Click the “velocity vectors” box. Click on “components” just above it. This will track velocity
in both the x and y directions.
2.
Start with the same settings as for the gravitational acceleration investigation in the previous part.
3.
What do you notice about the velocity vector in the y direction? Describe what happens to its length and direction throughout the flight? Be specific. The vector velocity follows the parabolic vurve and it gets more length at the beginning and end it shortens during the top of its flight
4.
At what point does it seem like there is no velocity vector in the y direction? Top of the cannonballs flight path the Y max
5.
Describe in your own words what is happening to the velocity in the y direction as
the cannonball leaves the cannon and flies through the air. The velocity vector in the y direction follows the flight curve and the y values increase then decreases.
6.
What do you notice about the velocity in the x direction? Stays the sAME
7.
Change the angle of the cannon to 65º, and repeat steps 1-6.
Note: Include the answers to the investigation questions and your Summary in your conclusion when completing your laboratory report. Support your statements with screenshots from the simulator.
Initial setup and investigating other factors affecting the motion of an object in 2D
1.
Use the same set up and investigate the affect of mass, different object shot, gravity, diameter, altitude, air resistance and drag coefficient
2.
Include your observations and investigation in the conclusion section of your lab report.
3.
Part II: Acceleration due to gravity determination:
1.
Choose the Lab option in your simulator.
2.
Uncheck the “air resistance box”. 3.
Set the following: initial speed = 16 m/s and the cannon angle = 54º. 4.
Use the crosshair tool and measure the maximum height, the range, and the time
in flight.
5.
Use the kinematics equations to calculate with these given the acceleration due to gravity.
6.
Compare your calculated value to the accepted value for g = 9.80 m/s
2
(Calculate
your percent error).
Note: Include your calculations and a screenshot from the simulator in your laboratory report.